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HUBS1406 > Tissues & Injury responses: skin & musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Tissues & Injury responses: skin & musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

A reduction in plasma calcium ion levels would affect bone by:

A

causing increased osteoclast activity

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2
Q

Ligments connect what?

A

Bone to Bone

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3
Q

Cartilage connects what?

A

Nothing. It is for protection.

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4
Q

Tendons connect what?

A

Muscle to Bone

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5
Q

Fascia connect what?

A

Muscle to Muscle

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6
Q

What proteins are needed for muscle movement?

A

Myosin and Actin

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7
Q

What are the 4 main tissues

A

Epithelial, Muscle , Connective and Nervous

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8
Q

What does skin do?

A

Protects.
Regulates temperature.
Provides sensation.

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9
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Chew/resorb old bone

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10
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Build new bone

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11
Q

What are the 3 main layers that make up skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

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12
Q

How many layers are there is the epidermis?

A

5

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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14
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments

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15
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic and Fibro

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16
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

17
Q

Where would you find Fibrocartilage?

A

Knees, between vertebrae

18
Q

Where do you find Elastic Cartilage?

A

Throat and ears

19
Q

If someone has low calcium, what does that mean for their bones?

A

They will be bendy/flexible

20
Q

If someone has low collage, what does that mean for their bones>

A

They will be brittle and break easily

21
Q

What hormone is needed for the production of new bone?

A

Oestrogen

22
Q

Why do males have more dense bones than women if they dont make oestrogen?

A

The testosterone is converted into oestrogen via the bones

23
Q

Which connective tissues dont grow back and why?

A

Cartilage, as they do not have any blood vessles.

24
Q

Which connective tissue has more matrix than cells?

A

Cartilage

25
Q

What are the strap like ropes that connect bones together?

A

Ligaments

26
Q

What is primary homeostasis

A

When platelets join gather at the sight of trauma, and together with fibrinogen they form a plug to stop blood from getting out.

27
Q

What is secondary homeostasis?

A

When the blood clots/thickens to prevent blood loss

28
Q

What hormones affect bone remodeling?

A

Parathyroid, Calcitonin

29
Q

How does epithelial tissue adapt to perform its function

A

Epithelial tissue has tightly packed cells with specialized structures like microvilli and cilia for absorption and secretion

30
Q

How does muscle tissue adapt to perform its function

A

Muscle tissue has contractile proteins that enable it to generate force and create movement

31
Q

How does connective tissue adapt to perform its function

A

Connective tissue has cells dispersed within an extracellular matrix that provides strength and flexibility

32
Q

How does nervous tissue adapt to perform its function

A

Nervous tissue has specialized cells called neurons that transmit electrical signals for communication

33
Q

briefly describe the steps of the healing process of skin tissue

A
  • Tissues initiate an inflammatory response to remove damaged cells and debris.
  • New blood vessels form in the area to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells.
  • Cells called fibroblasts produce new collagen fibres, rebuilding the tissue.
  • Tissue remodelling and maturation occur, where the new tissue gains strength and functionality.
34
Q

What are the benefits of pain?

A

Pain acts as a protective mechanism, alerting the body to potential injury and preventing further damage.

35
Q

What are the benefits of inflammation?

A

Inflammation helps initiate the healing process by bringing immune cells and nutrients to the damaged area, fighting infection, and promoting tissue repair

36
Q

What are the major types of joints and their functions

A
  • Fibrous joints: Connected by fibrous connective tissue and allow minimal to no movement.
  • Cartilaginous joints: Joined by cartilage and permit limited movement.
  • Synovial joints: Contain a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, allowing a wide range of movement.
37
Q

Explain how synovial joints are adapted to allow movement and minimise joint wear and tear

A
  • Synovial joints have articular cartilage to provide a smooth surface for joint movement and reduce friction.
  • The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage.
  • Ligaments and tendons provide stability and guide the movement of synovial joints.
38
Q

Major factors influencing tissue healing:

A
  • Blood supply
  • Severity of damage
  • Age
  • Innflammation and infection
  • Treatment and management

HUBS1406 (12 decks)

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