The respiratory system

Question 1

What is the partial pressure of oxygen be…

Answer 1

Airways 149mmHg
Arteries 90mmHg
Veins 30mmHg

Question 2

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood?

Answer 2

Arteries 40mmHg
Veins 45mmHg

Question 3

What should the oxygen saturation be in blood?

Answer 3

Arteries 100%
Blood 60%

Question 4

What levels of bicarbonate should be in blood?

Answer 4

Arteries 24mEq/L
Veins 22mEq/L

Question 5

What should the pH of blood be?

Answer 5

Arteries 7.4
Veins 7.35

Question 6

What factors affect the rate and depth of breathing?

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors - detect changes in O2, Co2 and H+

Irritant
Stretch of lungs
Propioceptive - muscles and joints

Question 7

What causes a greater simuliation for breathing than decreased oxygen?

Answer 7

Increased Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 8

What defences do your respitory system have in place?

Answer 8

Nasal hairs, mucus layer, cilia, immune cells

Question 9

What is the FVC

Answer 9

Forced vital capacity: This is the total forced amount of air on expiration possible by a person

Question 10

What is the FEV1

Answer 10

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second:
This is the total amount of forced air out of a person’s lungs in the first second.

Question 11

What should the FEV1 be?

Answer 11

It should be 70-80% of the FVC

Question 12

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 12

To transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide in blood

Question 13

What is needed for respiration?

Answer 13

A gas exchange membrane - diffusion
System of tubes - airways - trachea, bronchi, bronchiols
A bellows system - chest walls and muscles

Question 14

Where are gases exchanged in the lungs?

Answer 14

Aveoli and capillaries

Question 15

What effects the rate and depth of breathing?

Answer 15

levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH in the blood.
exercise, emotions, and respiratory diseases

Question 16

What cells releases surfactant?

Answer 16

Type II

Question 17

What holds the lungs open?

Answer 17

Negative intrapleural pressure

Question 18

What is the main muscle used in breathing?

Answer 18

Diaphragm

Question 19

What pulls the lungs back in?

Answer 19

Surface tension and elasticity

Question 20

What reduces surface tension and makes breathing in easier?

Answer 20

Surfactant

Question 21

What happens when the pressure in the pleural space increases?

Answer 21

The lungs will collapse

Question 22

What system are the muslces of breathing controlled by?

Answer 22

Somatic system

Question 23

What kind of muscles are used for respiration?

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Answer 23

Skeletal

Question 24

The central chemoreceptors respond to?

Answer 24

Carbon and Hydrogen levels in the blood

Question 25

The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to?

Answer 25

Hydrogen and Oxygen levels in the blood

Question 26

What tissue is lung cancer most likely to arise from?

Answer 26

Epithelial

Question 27

Air in the intrapleural space will:

Answer 27

Cause the lung to collapse

Question 28

During an asthma attack:

Answer 28

ventilation is insufficient to allow enough gas exchange.

Question 29

How does surfactant help to prevent the alveoli from collapsing?

Answer 29

It reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid

Question 30

How is most of the carbon dioxide in the blood transported?

Answer 30

As bicarbonate ions

Question 31

Nasal breathing is preferred over breathing through the mouth because:

Answer 31

it allows warming and moistening of the inhaled air

Question 32

Increasing the rate of breathing will:

Answer 32

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 33

Ventilation is:

Answer 33

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 34

What is the most powerful stimulus for altering the rate and depth of breathing in a healthy person?

Answer 34

Carbon dioxide in blood

Question 35

What tissue type forms the alveolar wall through which gas exchange occurs?

Answer 35

squamous

Question 36

When the diaphragm contracts the volume of the chest cavity:

Answer 36

increases

Question 37

Which of the following is greatest? The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in: arterial blood venous blood inspired air in arterioles

Question 38

What keeps the trachea open?

Answer 38

Cartilage

Question 39

Why do most of the particles suspended in air fail to get down into the lungs?

Answer 39

Mucous and cilia

Question 40

Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is known as:

Answer 40

pulmonary embolism.

Question 41

What do type II penuomcytes produce?

Answer 41

Surfactant

Question 42

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is:

Answer 42

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Question 43

What does surfactant do?

Answer 43

decreases the surface tension in the aveolar fluid

Question 44

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the lungs and at the cells by :

Answer 44

diffusion

Question 45

Increasing the rate of breathing will decrease the partial pressure of what in the blood?

Answer 45

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 46

What has negative pressure in the lungs?

Answer 46

The interpleural space

Question 47

What stops the lungs from collapsing?

Answer 47

Surface tension and elasticity

Question 48

Which part of breathing requires relaxation of muscles?

Answer 48

Expiration or breathing out

Question 49

Which part of breathing requires contraction of muscles?

Answer 49

Inspiration or breathing in

Question 50

If there is an increase of oxygen in the capillaries what happens in the tissues?

Answer 50

There is a decrease of oxygen in the tissues

Question 51

How is oxygen transported?

Answer 51

It binds to haemoglobin

Question 52

How is carbon dioxide transported?