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HUBS1406 > Blood components & functions > Flashcards

Blood components & functions Flashcards

1
Q

Eosinophils are for

A

Allergic reactions

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2
Q

Basophils produce

A

Histamine

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3
Q

Monocytes are for

A

Viruses, bacterial parasites,chronic infections (phagocytic)

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4
Q

T-cells are for

A

Tutors and viruses

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5
Q

B-cells produce

A

Antibodies

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6
Q

Neutrophils are

A

One of the first responders to sight of infection or trauma. Inhibit bacteria and fungi

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7
Q

What are the components of our blood?

A

Plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes

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8
Q

What makes up plasma?

A

Water, proteins and other solutes

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9
Q

What makes up buffy coat?

A

Platelets and leukocytes

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10
Q

What is the name of the process that makes formed elements(erythrocytes, leukocutes and thrombocytes)

A

Haemopoiesis

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11
Q

The haematocrit provides information about

A

Plasma composition

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12
Q

What plasma protein essential for coagulation?

A

fibrinogen

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis increases when:

A

oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

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14
Q

The most numerous white blood cells in the circulation are the

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Old and damaged erythrocytes are destroyed in the:

A

Spleen and liver

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16
Q

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded haemoglobin is:

A

Recycled by the bone marrow

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17
Q

What protein is most abundant in erythrocytes?

A

haemoglobin

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18
Q

An increase in the viscosity of blood would be caused by an increase in:

A

Platelets

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19
Q

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A

erythropoietin

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20
Q

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is:

A

120 days

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21
Q

What are the major components of whole blood?

A

Plasma and formed elements

22
Q

What are formed elements?

A

RBC, WBC, PLATELETS

23
Q

What is the primary function of haemoglobin?

A

To carry oxygen

24
Q

In the blood of a person suffering from a viral infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of:

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

Thehaematocrit provides information about:

A

plasma composition

26
Q

Which plasma protein essential for coagulation?

A

Fibrinogen

27
Q

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

A

Red bonne marrow

28
Q

The composition of plasma is closest to that of

A

interstitial fluid

29
Q

Plasma proteins essential in body defence are the

A

immunoglobulins

30
Q

The enzyme that digests fibrin to dissolve a clot is:

A

plasmin

31
Q

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

A

eosinophils

32
Q

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are:

A

Basophils

33
Q

What are the large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood in the tissues?

A

Macrophages

34
Q

What is the cascade of reactions that ends up with the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

A

Coagulation

35
Q

Albumin plays an important role in:

A

Fluid balance and transporting lipids

36
Q

Haemoglobin has a number of functions in red blood cells. One of which is the ability to directly buffer acids. What would haemaglobin be doing to have this buffering action?

A

Transporting carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs

37
Q

Jennifer donates a unit of blood at the Red Cross. Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in her blood a few days after this donation?

A

reticulocytes

38
Q

Reticulocytes are:

A

slightly immature red blood cells

39
Q

List the physical characteristics of blood

A
  • Blood is a red, sticky, opaque, fluid connective tissue
  • It has a pH of around 7.4 and a slightly higher viscosity than water.
  • Blood constitutes about 7% to 8% of total body weight.
40
Q

How much blood in an adult

A

5-6 L males
4 - 5 L women

41
Q

What is the function of water in plasma?

A

Blood volume and regulation of body temperature

42
Q

What is the functions of proteins in plasma?

A

Proteins in plasma, such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, contribute to osmotic balance, transport of substances, and blood clotting

43
Q

What is the functions of electrolytes in plasma?

A

Fluid balance and pH

44
Q

What happens to old or damaged erythrocytes?

A

They are removed by the spleen and liver and their components are recycled.

45
Q

What are the stages of haemostasis and their purpose

A
  1. Vascular spasm constricts blood vessels to reduce blood flow.
  2. Platelet plug formation involves platelets adhering to damaged blood vessel walls and forming a plug to stop bleeding.
  3. Coagulation involves a cascade of reactions that lead to the formation of a fibrin clot to reinforce the platelet plug and seal the wound.
46
Q

What factors effect erythropoesis?

A

iron availability, adequate nutrients (such as vitamin B12 and folic acid), and appropriate regulation of the hormone erythropoetin

47
Q

Where is erythropoetin secreted from?

A

the kidneys, in response to low oxygen levels

48
Q

What is erythropoetin?

A

The production of red blood cells

49
Q

What is a dyscrasia?

A

an abnormality or disorder of the blood

50
Q

What are some examples of dyscrasias?

A

anaemia (low red blood cell count),
leukocytosis (high white blood cell count),
thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

51
Q

What causes dyscrasias?

A

nutritional deficiencies, genetic disorders, autoimmune conditions, or underlying diseases

HUBS1406 (12 decks)

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