Blood components & functions

Question 1

Eosinophils are for

Answer 1

Allergic reactions

Question 2

Basophils produce

Answer 2

Histamine

Question 3

Monocytes are for

Answer 3

Viruses, bacterial parasites,chronic infections (phagocytic)

Question 4

T-cells are for

Answer 4

Tutors and viruses

Question 5

B-cells produce

Answer 5

Antibodies

Question 6

Neutrophils are

Answer 6

One of the first responders to sight of infection or trauma. Inhibit bacteria and fungi

Question 7

What are the components of our blood?

Answer 7

Plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes

Question 8

What makes up plasma?

Answer 8

Water, proteins and other solutes

Question 9

What makes up buffy coat?

Answer 9

Platelets and leukocytes

Question 10

What is the name of the process that makes formed elements(erythrocytes, leukocutes and thrombocytes)

Answer 10

Haemopoiesis

Question 11

The haematocrit provides information about

Answer 11

Plasma composition

Question 12

What plasma protein essential for coagulation?

Answer 12

fibrinogen

Question 13

Erythropoiesis increases when:

Answer 13

oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

Question 14

The most numerous white blood cells in the circulation are the

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

Old and damaged erythrocytes are destroyed in the:

Answer 15

Spleen and liver

Question 16

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded haemoglobin is:

Answer 16

Recycled by the bone marrow

Question 17

What protein is most abundant in erythrocytes?

Answer 17

haemoglobin

Question 18

An increase in the viscosity of blood would be caused by an increase in:

Answer 18

Platelets

Question 19

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

Answer 19

erythropoietin

Question 20

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is:

Answer 20

120 days

Question 21

What are the major components of whole blood?

Answer 21

Plasma and formed elements

Question 22

What are formed elements?

Answer 22

RBC, WBC, PLATELETS

Question 23

What is the primary function of haemoglobin?

Answer 23

To carry oxygen

Question 24

In the blood of a person suffering from a viral infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of:

Answer 24

Lymphocytes

Question 25

The haematocrit provides information about:

Answer 25

plasma composition

Question 26

Which plasma protein essential for coagulation?

Answer 26

Fibrinogen

Question 27

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

Answer 27

Red bonne marrow

Question 28

The composition of plasma is closest to that of

Answer 28

interstitial fluid

Question 29

Plasma proteins essential in body defence are the

Answer 29

immunoglobulins

Question 30

The enzyme that digests fibrin to dissolve a clot is:

Answer 30

plasmin

Question 31

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

Answer 31

eosinophils

Question 32

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are:

Answer 32

Basophils

Question 33

What are the large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood in the tissues?

Answer 33

Macrophages

Question 34

What is the cascade of reactions that ends up with the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Answer 34

Coagulation

Question 35

Albumin plays an important role in:

Answer 35

Fluid balance and transporting lipids

Question 36

Haemoglobin has a number of functions in red blood cells. One of which is the ability to directly buffer acids. What would haemaglobin be doing to have this buffering action?

Answer 36

Transporting carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs

Question 37

Jennifer donates a unit of blood at the Red Cross. Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in her blood a few days after this donation?

Answer 37

reticulocytes

Question 38

Reticulocytes are:

Answer 38

slightly immature red blood cells

Question 39

List the physical characteristics of blood

Answer 39

- Blood is a red, sticky, opaque, fluid connective tissue - It has a pH of around 7.4 and a slightly higher viscosity than water. - Blood constitutes about 7% to 8% of total body weight.

Question 40

How much blood in an adult

Answer 40

5-6 L males 4 - 5 L women

Question 41

What is the function of water in plasma?

Answer 41

Blood volume and regulation of body temperature

Question 42

What is the functions of proteins in plasma?

Answer 42

Proteins in plasma, such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, contribute to osmotic balance, transport of substances, and blood clotting

Question 43

What is the functions of electrolytes in plasma?

Answer 43

Fluid balance and pH

Question 44

What happens to old or damaged erythrocytes?

Answer 44

They are removed by the spleen and liver and their components are recycled.

Question 45

What are the stages of haemostasis and their purpose

Answer 45

1. Vascular spasm constricts blood vessels to reduce blood flow. 2. Platelet plug formation involves platelets adhering to damaged blood vessel walls and forming a plug to stop bleeding. 3. Coagulation involves a cascade of reactions that lead to the formation of a fibrin clot to reinforce the platelet plug and seal the wound.

Question 46

What factors effect erythropoesis?

Answer 46

iron availability, adequate nutrients (such as vitamin B12 and folic acid), and appropriate regulation of the hormone erythropoetin

Question 47

Where is erythropoetin secreted from?

Answer 47

the kidneys, in response to low oxygen levels

Question 48

What is erythropoetin?

Answer 48

The production of red blood cells

Question 49

What is a dyscrasia?

Answer 49

an abnormality or disorder of the blood

Question 50

What are some examples of dyscrasias?

Answer 50

anaemia (low red blood cell count), leukocytosis (high white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Question 51

What causes dyscrasias?

Answer 51

nutritional deficiencies, genetic disorders, autoimmune conditions, or underlying diseases