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The cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The function of the AV valves is supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What is required for cardiac muscle to contract?

A

An electrical signal from inside the heart

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3
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A

right atrium

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4
Q

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve

A

The Tricuspid/right atrioventricular valve

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5
Q

Which valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left atrium ?

A

The Bicuspid/Mitral/Left atrioventricular valve

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6
Q

Regurgitation of blood into the atria is partly prevented by:

A

the action of connective tissue holding the atrioventricular valve

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7
Q

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart located?

A

The sinoatrial node

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8
Q

The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents the:

A

The atria contracting (depolarisation)

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9
Q

The electrical activation (depolarisation) of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the:

A

QRS complex

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10
Q

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents:

A

ventricular deactivation (repolarisation)

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11
Q

Compared to arteries, veins have …. walls:

A

thinner

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12
Q

As blood travels from arteries to veins:

A

pressure drops

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13
Q

The main control of resistance to blood flow occurs in the:

A

arterioles

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14
Q

The baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery are sensitive to which stimuli?

A

arterial pressure

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15
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary/Right semi-lunar valve

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16
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle?

A

Aortic/Left semi-lunar valve

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17
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid

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18
Q

Myocardial infarctions are the direct result of:

A

obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle.

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19
Q

When we measure someone’s blood pressure, we are measuring their:

A

arterial pressure.

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20
Q

The arterial blood pressure is greatest:

A

when the ventricles are contracting.

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21
Q

At the arterial end of a capillary, water is forced out of the capillary by what?

A

the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillary.

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22
Q

Which vessels have thin walls and require skeletal muscle contraction to keep blood moving?

A

Veins

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23
Q

Which of the following would result in an increase in blood pressure?

A

An increase in cardiac output

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24
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

A

Mitral (bicuspid)

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25
If a person's blood pressure drops for some reason and remains lower than normal for some time, which hormone would you expect to be released in response to this drop in pressure?
Aldosterone
26
The left atrioventricular valve is closed:
by the contraction of the left ventricle
27
The blood supplying oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium would be flowing through which arteries?
coronary arteries
28
Which of the following is true about veins?
They are known as capacitance vessels
29
Which vessels have thin walls and require skeletal muscle contraction to keep blood moving?
Veins
30
Why are arterioles are known as resistance vessels?
Because they play a role in regulating blood pressure and blood flow by altering their diameter
31
The short-term response to low blood pressure would be:
increased heart rate and increased vascular resistance
32
Which of the following would be most likely in a patient with a leaking left atrioventricular (mitral) valve?
Blood flowing backwards into the left atrium and backing up in the pulmonary vessels --> fluid accumulation in the lungs
33
A patient suffers from an endocrine disorder in which her adrenal cortex is not secreting enough of its hormones. Which of the following would be one of the problems this patient would be likely to have?
Excessive amounts of sodium and water would be lost by the kidneys, leading to low blood pressure
34
A person whose ECG shows no P waves, but regular QRS and T complexes is likely to have:
an SA node that is not operating
35
Jenny has been told that she has a narrowed mitral valve, which means that when the valve is open, blood can only flow through slowly. Which of the following would occur as a result of this?
A back-up of blood in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation, which will put more strain on the right ventricle and reduce the lungs' ability to exchange oxygen.
36
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
To transport gasses, nutrients, wastes
37
Which valves prevent regurgitation from the ventricle to the atria?
the atrioventricular valves
38
Which valves prevent regurgitation back into the ventricles?
The semi-lunar valves
39
What makes the LUB sound?
The atrioventricular valves closing
40
What makes the DUP sound?
The Semi-lunar valves closing
41
How many layers of heart and what are they?
3 Endocardium (inside) Myocardium (muslce) Pericardium (around)
42
What is cardiac arrest a problem with?
The electrical signals
43
What is the diagnosis when there is a blockage to the heart?
Myocardial Infarct
44
Describe the arteries and their role.
Pressure vessles, elastic and tough They carry blood away from the heart
45
Describe the veins and their roles
Hold capacity They carry blood to the heart via valves and with the help of muscle contraction.
46
Describe the arterioles and their roles
They are pressure vessles - like a garden hose/straw and vary their resistance This allows them to direct flow or change pressure
47
Where is most of the blood in the circulatory system held?
In the system vanes and venules
48
Describe the capillaries and their roles
Exchange vessles - small, thin, fragile vessles the vascular bed allows excanges of gasses, nutrients and waste
49
Where does gas excange occur?
at the capillaries via diffusion Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues, while carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries
50
What is the systole reading?
When the atrioventricular valves contract and the semi-lunar valves relax
51
What is the diastole reading?
When the atrioventricular valves relax
52
How is blood pressure controlled?
Nervous System and Endocrine System
53
How is arterial pressure monitored?
With baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries
54
How is blood pressure changed by the autonomic system?
Heart rate Beat Strength Dialating or Constricting arterioles
55
What hormonal system helps to control blood pressure
RAAS
56
What x What = Blood pressure
CO x TPR = BP Cardiac Output x Total Peripherial Resistance
57
What x What = Cardiac Output
SV x HR = CO Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
58
What + What = Mean Arterial Pressure
Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure (Systolic - Diastolic) = Mean Arterial Pressure
59
What things effect HR (heart rate)?
Autonomic System (BP) Hormones (RAAS and ADH) Age Fitness Levels
60
What things effect SV (stroke volume)?
Heart size Fitness Levels Gender Contractility Preload Afterload (resistance)
61
Describe the path blood takes transporting blood in and out of the heart
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava, filling the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium, then the mitral valve into the left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, the main artery that distributes blood to the rest of the body.
62
What is the cardiovascular system and what is its purpose
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its purpose is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
63
What two systems help to control the cardiovascular system?
The nervous system and the endocrine system
64
The left atrioventricular valve is closed:
by the contraction of the left ventricle
65
The blood supplying oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium would be flowing through the:
coronary arteries
66
What is required for cardiac muscle to contract?
An electrical signal from inside the heart
67
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
right atrium
68
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve
right atrioventricular (tricuspid)
69
What is the normal pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial node or SA node
70
The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents the:
electrical activation (depolarisation) of the atria
71
The arterial blood pressure is greatest:
when the ventricles are contracting.
72
At the arterial end of a capillary, water is forced out of the capillary by:
the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillary.
73
A person whose ECG shows no P waves, but regular QRS and T complexes is likely to have:
an SA node that is not operating

HUBS1406 (12 decks)

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