Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS1406 > The cardiovascular system > Flashcards

The cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The function of the AV valves is supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is required for cardiac muscle to contract?

A

An electrical signal from inside the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A

right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve

A

The Tricuspid/right atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left atrium ?

A

The Bicuspid/Mitral/Left atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regurgitation of blood into the atria is partly prevented by:

A

the action of connective tissue holding the atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart located?

A

The sinoatrial node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents the:

A

The atria contracting (depolarisation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The electrical activation (depolarisation) of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the:

A

QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents:

A

ventricular deactivation (repolarisation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compared to arteries, veins have …. walls:

A

thinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As blood travels from arteries to veins:

A

pressure drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The main control of resistance to blood flow occurs in the:

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery are sensitive to which stimuli?

A

arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary/Right semi-lunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle?

A

Aortic/Left semi-lunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Myocardial infarctions are the direct result of:

A

obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When we measure someone’s blood pressure, we are measuring their:

A

arterial pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The arterial blood pressure is greatest:

A

when the ventricles are contracting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At the arterial end of a capillary, water is forced out of the capillary by what?

A

the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which vessels have thin walls and require skeletal muscle contraction to keep blood moving?

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following would result in an increase in blood pressure?

A

An increase in cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

A

Mitral (bicuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If a person’s blood pressure drops for some reason and remains lower than normal for some time, which hormone would you expect to be released in response to this drop in pressure?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is closed:

A

by the contraction of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The blood supplying oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium would be flowing through which arteries?

A

coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following is true about veins?

A

They are known as capacitance vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which vessels have thin walls and require skeletal muscle contraction to keep blood moving?

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why are arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

A

Because they play a role in regulating blood pressure and blood flow by altering their diameter

31
Q

The short-term response to low blood pressure would be:

A

increased heart rate and increased vascular resistance

32
Q

Which of the following would be most likely in a patient with a leaking left atrioventricular (mitral) valve?

A

Blood flowing backwards into the left atrium and backing up in the pulmonary vessels –> fluid accumulation in the lungs

33
Q

A patient suffers from an endocrine disorder in which her adrenal cortex is not secreting enough of its hormones. Which of the following would be one of the problems this patient would be likely to have?

A

Excessive amounts of sodium and water would be lost by the kidneys, leading to low blood pressure

34
Q

A person whose ECG shows no P waves, but regular QRS and T complexes is likely to have:

A

an SA node that is not operating

35
Q

Jenny has been told that she has a narrowed mitral valve, which means that when the valve is open, blood can only flow through slowly. Which of the following would occur as a result of this?

A

A back-up of blood in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation, which will put more strain on the right ventricle and reduce the lungs’ ability to exchange oxygen.

36
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport gasses, nutrients, wastes

37
Q

Which valves prevent regurgitation from the ventricle to the atria?

A

the atrioventricular valves

38
Q

Which valves prevent regurgitation back into the ventricles?

A

The semi-lunar valves

39
Q

What makes the LUB sound?

A

The atrioventricular valves closing

40
Q

What makes the DUP sound?

A

The Semi-lunar valves closing

41
Q

How many layers of heart and what are they?

A

3
Endocardium (inside)
Myocardium (muslce)
Pericardium (around)

42
Q

What is cardiac arrest a problem with?

A

The electrical signals

43
Q

What is the diagnosis when there is a blockage to the heart?

A

Myocardial Infarct

44
Q

Describe the arteries and their role.

A

Pressure vessles, elastic and tough

They carry blood away from the heart

45
Q

Describe the veins and their roles

A

Hold capacity

They carry blood to the heart via valves and with the help of muscle contraction.

46
Q

Describe the arterioles and their roles

A

They are pressure vessles - like a garden hose/straw and vary their resistance

This allows them to direct flow or change pressure

47
Q

Where is most of the blood in the circulatory system held?

A

In the system vanes and venules

48
Q

Describe the capillaries and their roles

A

Exchange vessles - small, thin, fragile vessles

the vascular bed allows excanges of gasses, nutrients and waste

49
Q

Where does gas excange occur?

A

at the capillaries via diffusion

Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues, while carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries

50
Q

What is the systole reading?

A

When the atrioventricular valves contract and the semi-lunar valves relax

51
Q

What is the diastole reading?

A

When the atrioventricular valves relax

52
Q

How is blood pressure controlled?

A

Nervous System and Endocrine System

53
Q

How is arterial pressure monitored?

A

With baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

54
Q

How is blood pressure changed by the autonomic system?

A

Heart rate
Beat Strength
Dialating or Constricting arterioles

55
Q

What hormonal system helps to control blood pressure

A

RAAS

56
Q

What x What = Blood pressure

A

CO x TPR = BP

Cardiac Output x Total Peripherial Resistance

57
Q

What x What = Cardiac Output

A

SV x HR = CO

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

58
Q

What + What = Mean Arterial Pressure

A

Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure (Systolic - Diastolic) = Mean Arterial Pressure

59
Q

What things effect HR (heart rate)?

A

Autonomic System (BP)
Hormones (RAAS and ADH)
Age
Fitness Levels

60
Q

What things effect SV (stroke volume)?

A

Heart size
Fitness Levels
Gender
Contractility
Preload
Afterload (resistance)

61
Q

Describe the path blood takes transporting blood in and out of the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava, filling the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium, then the mitral valve into the left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, the main artery that distributes blood to the rest of the body.

62
Q

What is the cardiovascular system and what is its purpose

A

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its purpose is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

63
Q

What two systems help to control the cardiovascular system?

A

The nervous system and the endocrine system

64
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is closed:

A

by the contraction of the left ventricle

65
Q

The blood supplying oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium would be flowing through the:

A

coronary arteries

66
Q

What is required for cardiac muscle to contract?

A

An electrical signal from inside the heart

67
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A

right atrium

68
Q

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve

A

right atrioventricular (tricuspid)

69
Q

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial node or SA node

70
Q

The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents the:

A

electrical activation (depolarisation) of the atria

71
Q

The arterial blood pressure is greatest:

A

when the ventricles are contracting.

72
Q

At the arterial end of a capillary, water is forced out of the capillary by:

A

the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillary.

73
Q

A person whose ECG shows no P waves, but regular QRS and T complexes is likely to have:

A

an SA node that is not operating

HUBS1406 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions