Cell structures & functions

Question 1

What is the PLASMA MEMBRANE?

Answer 1

It is a semipermiable phospholipid bilayer that allows solute into and out of a cell

Question 2

What is the MITOCHONDRIA?

Answer 2

This is where energy for a cell is made in the form of ATP.

Question 3

What is the NUCLEUS?

Answer 3

This holds DNA in the form of chromosomes, which are TRANSCRIBED into RNA.

Question 4

What is the ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, or ROUGH ER?

Answer 4

This is where protein is made via the ribosomes that are attached to it.

Question 5

What are RIBOSOMES?

Answer 5

They TRANSLATE the RNA and turn them into amino acids/proteins.

Question 6

What is the GOLGI APPARATUS?

Answer 6

This send the protein to where it is needed in the body

Question 7

What is the SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM or SMOOTH ER?

Answer 7

This is where fats are synthesised and the cell is detoxified.

Question 8

Where would you find a large amount of smooth er?

Answer 8

In the liver.

Question 9

What are the MICROTUBULES?

Answer 9

They are scaffolding and help to split the cell apart when it wants to make a copy.

Question 10

What do LYOSOMES do?

Answer 10

This is where enzymes break things down.

Question 11

What do PEROXISOMES do?

Answer 11

This is where oxygen is used to break things down.

Question 12

What is the name of the phospholipid bilayer surrounding a cell?

Answer 12

The membrane or plasma membrane

Question 13

Where is energy made in a cell?

Answer 13

The mitochondria

Question 14

Where would you find the genetic coding for a cell?

Answer 14

The nucleus

Question 15

What is the protein factory of a cell?

Answer 15

The rough endoplasmic reticulum or rough er

Question 16

What part of a cell takes the RNA and turns it into amino acids?

Answer 16

The ribosomes.

Question 17

Which part of the cell is the “post office” that packages and sends the protiens off?

Answer 17

The Golgi apparatus.

Question 18

What part of a cell synthesises fats and detoxifies a cell?

Answer 18

The smooth er

SMOOTH - SYNTHESISES

Question 19

What part of a cell would break things down using enzymes?

Answer 19

The lyosome

Y in lyosome - Y in enzymes

Question 20

What part of a cell would break things down using oxygen or hyrogen peroxide?

Answer 20

the perioxisome

O in periOxisomes - o in oxygen

Question 21

What organelle can copy itself?

Answer 21

The mitochondria

Question 22

What are the 3 main stages of a cell cycle?

Answer 22

IMC

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokenesis

Question 23

What are the stages of Interphase?

Answer 23

G1, S, G2

Question 24

What are the stages of mitosis

Answer 24

PMAT

P - Prophase
M - Metaphase
A - Anaphase
T - Telophase

Question 25

What happens in the prophase part of mitosis?

Answer 25

prophase sets the stage for the subsequent events in mitosis. It involves the condensation of chromatin into distinct chromosomes, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, formation of the mitotic spindle, and attachment of chromosomes to the spindle fibers

Question 26

What happens in the anaphase part of mitosis?

Answer 26

anaphase is the stage of mitosis when the sister chromatids separate, and the chromosomes are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell, ensuring that each new cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes

Question 27

What happens in the metaphase part of mitosis?

Answer 27

metaphase is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, ensuring their proper distribution to the daughter cells

Question 28

What happens in the telophase part of mitosis?

Answer 28

Telophase marks the end of mitosis, and it transitions into the subsequent interphase, where the cells prepare for their normal functions or further rounds of division.

Question 29

What is differentation?

Answer 29

Differentiation refers to the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 30

What are stem cells?

Answer 30

undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into various types of cells

Question 31

What is active transport?

Answer 31

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient

Question 32

What is passive transport?

Answer 32

passive transport does not require energy and follows the concentration gradient

Question 33

What is bulk transport?

Answer 33

Bulk transport involves the transport of large molecules or particles through endocytosis (cellular uptake) or exocytosis (cellular release)

Question 34

What leads to the formation of cancer cells?

Answer 34

defects in cell division and differentiation can lead to the formation of cancer cells

Question 35

What are cancer cells?

Answer 35

less differentiated cells