Pathogens & immune defence and the nervous system Flashcards
What kind of immunoglobulin is IgG
G =
SECONDARY RESPONSE
- It is found in bodily fluids
- Can cross the placenta.
- Can activate the complement response.
What kind of immunoglobulin is IgA
A = AirwAys
RESPITORY AND GI TRACT
- Secretions/Mucousal linings/Breast Milk
What kind of immunoglobulin is IgM
M = Middle
PRIMARY RESPONSE
- Blood and lymph fluid
- Cannot cross the placenta
What kind of immunoglobulin is IgE
E = allergiEs
ASTHMA/ANAPHYLAXIS/PARASITIC INFECTIONS
- Mast cells & Basophils - antigen binding triggers histamine release.
What kind of immunoglobulin is IgD
D = B
- Found in small amounts in the Blood and on the surface of mature B-cells
- B-cell receptor
What are the two types of immune systems?
Innate (non-specific)
Adaptive (specific)
What can you immune system do?
Identify threats.
Mount an attack.
Eliminate pathogens.
Remember.
What makes up the immune system?
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
What are the physical barriers of defence against pathogens?
Skin
Mucous membranes
What are the 4 signs of inflammation?
P.R.S.H.
Pain
Reddness
Swelling
Heat
What are the 3 lines of defence against pathogens?
Physical Barriers.
Phagocytes.
Lymphocytes.
What cells are the main non-specific defence cells, and what are their major functions?
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Natural killer cells
Dentritic cells
What cells are the main specific defence cells, and what are their major functions?
T-cells and B-cells
T-cells TargeT
B-cell secrete antiBodies
Which cells are usually the antigen presenting cells?
Dendritic
Briefly explain the innate/non-specific immune response
Pathogen enters the body.
Macrophages and neutrophils start to kill the bacteria.
Blood vessles start to let fluid in - this is inflammation, including complement proteins.
Explain the adaptive immune response.
The dendritic cell covers itself in bacteria and takes the antigens to the T-cells to get help via the lymphatic system.
The specific T-cells is (SLOWLY) activated by the dendritic cell and begins to replicate.
The first group help the macrophages. The second group activate the B-cells.
The B-cell clones and pumps out antibodies, clumping the bacteria together and allowing the phagocytes to kill the rest.
A few T-cells stay behind and create a memory and guard the tissues.
B-cells continue producing a small amount of antibodies(possibly for life).
What transport network does your immune system use?
The lymphatic system
An inflammatory response is triggered when:
mast cells release histamine.
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are:
IgA.
The ________ division of the nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.
somatic
The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
central
The autonomic nervous system:
controls both actions of the internal viscera and release of secretions from glands
Which part of a neuron carries the impulse away from the cell body?
axon
Types of pathogens that infect humans
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Parasites
