Digestion & metabolism Flashcards
What is the role of the mouth in digestion?
mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mastication and saliva
What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?
Voluntary and involuntary swallowing
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
Food is turned into chyme.
Breakdown of protein, fats and the absorption of B12
What is the role of the gall bladder in digestion?
Stores and releases bile into the dudenum
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Produces digestive enzymes, increases the pH, and secrets these for entry into the duodenum
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
Converts Glycogen into Glucose
Detoxifies
Storage of excess vitamin and minerals
Synthesis of bile
What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
Chemical digestion
Secretion of hormones
Activation of protease
What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
Absorption of water and ions
What is catabolisim
The removal and restructuring of nutrients
What turns pepsinogen into pepsin and where does this happen?
the change in pH turns pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach
What is the pH of the stomach?
1-2
What is the pH of the pancreas?
8
What is in bile?
Bile salts
Bile pigments
Cholesterol
What hormones are released in the dudenum?
CCK and secretin
What happens when CCK is released?
It stimulates:
The liver to make bile
The gall bladder to release bile
The pancreas to release enzymes
What happens when secretin is released?
It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate rich juice.
What is the sphincter at the top of the stomach called?
The cardiac or lower oesophageal
What is the sphincter at the bottom of the stomach calle?
The pyloric sphincter
Where is the sphincter of oddie located?
The gall bladder
What does food turn into in the stomach?
CHYME
What do lipase break down?
Lipids
What does amalyase do?
Breaks down carbohydrates
What does pepsin break down?
Protiens
What does intrinsic factor do?
Absorb B12
What does the absortpion of B12 do and what helps us to absorb it?
B12 helps with the process of erythropoesis, and intrinsic factor in the stomach helps us to do this.
What do nuclease do?
Breakdown nucleic acids
What happens when ENTEROKINASE proteins are present
They activate proteases Chymotrypsinogen and Trypsinogen which then become
Chymotrypsin and Trypsin
What is the longest part of the small intestine?
The ileum
What is the begining part of the small intestine?
The duodenum
What is the start of the small intestine called?
The duodenum
What is the middle part of the small intestine called?
Jejunum
What is the start of the large intestine called?
It has no name, it is all the large intestine
What is the middle of the large intestine called?
It has no name, it is all the large intestine
What is the end part of the large intestine called?
It has no name, it is all the large intestine
Where is water absorbed in the digestive process?
In the large intestine
What signals the brain to stop us from being hungry after we eat?
The entry of chyme into the dudenum blocks the signal of ghrelin
What does leptin do?
Leptin is a hormone that signals the brain to reduce food intake
What signals leptin?
The adipose tissue
What hormone makes us hungry?
Ghrelin
What hormone stops us from being hungry?
Leptin
What gives us the most energy per 1g
Fat
What does your body prefer to use for growth and repair?
Protein
What does your body prefer to use for energy?
Glucose/Carbohydrates
What is an anabolic reaction?
The build up of substances from simple to complex
What is a catabolic reaction?
The breakdown of complex substances to simple ones
