Digestion & metabolism

Question 1

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 1

mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mastication and saliva

Question 2

What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?

Answer 2

Voluntary and involuntary swallowing

Question 3

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

Answer 3

Food is turned into chyme.
Breakdown of protein, fats and the absorption of B12

Question 4

What is the role of the gall bladder in digestion?

Answer 4

Stores and releases bile into the dudenum

Question 5

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 5

Produces digestive enzymes, increases the pH, and secrets these for entry into the duodenum

Question 6

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 6

Converts Glycogen into Glucose
Detoxifies
Storage of excess vitamin and minerals
Synthesis of bile

Question 7

What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

Answer 7

Chemical digestion
Secretion of hormones
Activation of protease

Question 8

What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?

Answer 8

Absorption of water and ions

Question 9

What is catabolisim

Answer 9

The removal and restructuring of nutrients

Question 10

What turns pepsinogen into pepsin and where does this happen?

Answer 10

the change in pH turns pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach

Question 11

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 11

1-2

Question 12

What is the pH of the pancreas?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

What is in bile?

Answer 13

Bile salts
Bile pigments
Cholesterol

Question 14

What hormones are released in the dudenum?

Answer 14

CCK and secretin

Question 15

What happens when CCK is released?

Answer 15

It stimulates:
The liver to make bile
The gall bladder to release bile
The pancreas to release enzymes

Question 16

What happens when secretin is released?

Answer 16

It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate rich juice.

Question 17

What is the sphincter at the top of the stomach called?

Answer 17

The cardiac or lower oesophageal

Question 18

What is the sphincter at the bottom of the stomach calle?

Answer 18

The pyloric sphincter

Question 19

Where is the sphincter of oddie located?

Answer 19

The gall bladder

Question 20

What does food turn into in the stomach?

Answer 20

CHYME

Question 21

What do lipase break down?

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

What does amalyase do?

Answer 22

Breaks down carbohydrates

Question 23

What does pepsin break down?

Answer 23

Protiens

Question 24

What does intrinsic factor do?

Answer 24

Absorb B12

Question 25

What does the absortpion of B12 do and what helps us to absorb it?

Answer 25

B12 helps with the process of erythropoesis, and intrinsic factor in the stomach helps us to do this.

Question 26

What do nuclease do?

Answer 26

Breakdown nucleic acids

Question 27

What happens when ENTEROKINASE proteins are present

Answer 27

They activate proteases Chymotrypsinogen and Trypsinogen which then become Chymotrypsin and Trypsin

Question 28

What is the longest part of the small intestine?

Answer 28

The ileum

Question 29

What is the begining part of the small intestine?

Answer 29

The duodenum

Question 30

What is the start of the small intestine called?

Answer 30

The duodenum

Question 31

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

Answer 31

Jejunum

Question 32

What is the start of the large intestine called?

Answer 32

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

Question 33

What is the middle of the large intestine called?

Answer 33

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

Question 34

What is the end part of the large intestine called?

Answer 34

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

Question 35

Where is water absorbed in the digestive process?

Answer 35

In the large intestine

Question 36

What signals the brain to stop us from being hungry after we eat?

Answer 36

The entry of chyme into the dudenum blocks the signal of ghrelin

Question 37

What does leptin do?

Answer 37

Leptin is a hormone that signals the brain to reduce food intake

Question 38

What signals leptin?

Answer 38

The adipose tissue

Question 39

What hormone makes us hungry?

Answer 39

Ghrelin

Question 40

What hormone stops us from being hungry?

Answer 40

Leptin

Question 41

What gives us the most energy per 1g

Answer 41

Fat

Question 42

What does your body prefer to use for growth and repair?

Answer 42

Protein

Question 43

What does your body prefer to use for energy?

Answer 43

Glucose/Carbohydrates

Question 44

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 44

The build up of substances from simple to complex

Question 45

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 45

The breakdown of complex substances to simple ones