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HUBS1406 > Digestion & metabolism > Flashcards

Digestion & metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mastication and saliva

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2
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?

A

Voluntary and involuntary swallowing

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3
Q

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

A

Food is turned into chyme.
Breakdown of protein, fats and the absorption of B12

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4
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder in digestion?

A

Stores and releases bile into the dudenum

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5
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

A

Produces digestive enzymes, increases the pH, and secrets these for entry into the duodenum

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6
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

Converts Glycogen into Glucose
Detoxifies
Storage of excess vitamin and minerals
Synthesis of bile

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7
Q

What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

A

Chemical digestion
Secretion of hormones
Activation of protease

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8
Q

What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?

A

Absorption of water and ions

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9
Q

What is catabolisim

A

The removal and restructuring of nutrients

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10
Q

What turns pepsinogen into pepsin and where does this happen?

A

the change in pH turns pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach

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11
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

1-2

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12
Q

What is the pH of the pancreas?

A

8

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13
Q

What is in bile?

A

Bile salts
Bile pigments
Cholesterol

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14
Q

What hormones are released in the dudenum?

A

CCK and secretin

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15
Q

What happens when CCK is released?

A

It stimulates:
The liver to make bile
The gall bladder to release bile
The pancreas to release enzymes

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16
Q

What happens when secretin is released?

A

It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate rich juice.

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17
Q

What is the sphincter at the top of the stomach called?

A

The cardiac or lower oesophageal

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18
Q

What is the sphincter at the bottom of the stomach calle?

A

The pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

Where is the sphincter of oddie located?

A

The gall bladder

20
Q

What does food turn into in the stomach?

A

CHYME

21
Q

What do lipase break down?

A

Lipids

22
Q

What does amalyase do?

A

Breaks down carbohydrates

23
Q

What does pepsin break down?

A

Protiens

24
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

Absorb B12

25
Q

What does the absortpion of B12 do and what helps us to absorb it?

A

B12 helps with the process of erythropoesis, and intrinsic factor in the stomach helps us to do this.

26
Q

What do nuclease do?

A

Breakdown nucleic acids

27
Q

What happens when ENTEROKINASE proteins are present

A

They activate proteases Chymotrypsinogen and Trypsinogen which then become
Chymotrypsin and Trypsin

28
Q

What is the longest part of the small intestine?

A

The ileum

29
Q

What is the begining part of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum

30
Q

What is the start of the small intestine called?

A

The duodenum

31
Q

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

A

Jejunum

32
Q

What is the start of the large intestine called?

A

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

33
Q

What is the middle of the large intestine called?

A

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

34
Q

What is the end part of the large intestine called?

A

It has no name, it is all the large intestine

35
Q

Where is water absorbed in the digestive process?

A

In the large intestine

36
Q

What signals the brain to stop us from being hungry after we eat?

A

The entry of chyme into the dudenum blocks the signal of ghrelin

37
Q

What does leptin do?

A

Leptin is a hormone that signals the brain to reduce food intake

38
Q

What signals leptin?

A

The adipose tissue

39
Q

What hormone makes us hungry?

A

Ghrelin

40
Q

What hormone stops us from being hungry?

A

Leptin

41
Q

What gives us the most energy per 1g

A

Fat

42
Q

What does your body prefer to use for growth and repair?

A

Protein

43
Q

What does your body prefer to use for energy?

A

Glucose/Carbohydrates

44
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

The build up of substances from simple to complex

45
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

The breakdown of complex substances to simple ones

HUBS1406 (12 decks)

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