Reproduction & development Flashcards
The cells that produce testosterone in the testes are called:
interstitial cells (Leydig)
Which hormone causes ovulation to occur?
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Interstitial (Leydig) cells in the testes produce:
testosterone
The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will:
form the embryo
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle:
progesterone levels are at their highest
The cells of developing ovarian follicles secrete:
oestrogen.
Foetal growth is supported by nutrients from the mother by:
close proximity of maternal and foetal blood in the placental structures
Pressure on the cervix late in pregnancy causes an increase in the blood levels of:
oxytocin
The placenta is a vitally important metabolic organ which is made up of contributions from the mother and the foetus. Which portion is from the foetus?
Chorion
The surge in luteinising hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle:
triggers ovulation; is triggered by extremely high levels of oestrogen; & causes the formation of the corpus luteum
A study of the effects of prolonged periods of driving on sperm count in men found that driving for several hours per day was associated with a higher incidence of low sperm count and infertility. Which of the following factors would be most likely to be involved in this effect?
The temperature of the scrotum might be increased during driving, inhibiting sperm production.
During her pregnancy, Miranda’s blood glucose levels have been higher then normal. Miranda is worried that this means she has developed diabetes which will need treatment for now on. Which of the following explanations is most likely?
The increased blood glucose level is normal during pregnancy, and occurs as a result of an increased cortisol level.
Describe the ovarian cycle
Follicular phase,
ovulation,
luteal phase
Follicular phase (development of follicles in the ovary), ovulation (release of egg), luteal phase (formation of corpus luteum)
Describe the Uterine cycle
Menstrual phase,
proliferative phase,
secretory phase
Menstrual phase (shedding of uterine lining), proliferative phase (rebuilding of uterine lining), secretory phase (preparation of uterus for embryo implantation)
What are the breasts made up of?
The breast consists of glandular tissue, ducts, and fatty tissue
Briefly describe the process of sperm production in the testes
Occurs in the seminiferous tubules. Immature sperm cells undergo mitotic division (spermatogonia), followed by meiotic division (spermatocytes), and differentiation into sperm cells (spermatids). Sperm cells are then released into the epididymis for maturation.
Where is sperm produced?
The semiiferous tubles
Where are sperm released into for maturation?
The epididymis
What secretions are passed to the semen along the route to ejaculation?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands contribute fluids to semen.
These fluids provide nourishment, buffer acidic environments, and enhance sperm motility
What are the main developmental processes that occur during the three trimesters of pregnancy
Fertilization, Implantation, and Embryo and foetal development
Further development of organs and systems
Organs become functional, growth and deposition of adipose tissue
Main events in the first trimester
Cleavage - Cell division following fertilization
Implantation - Attachment of the blasocyst to endometrium
Placentation - Formation of placenta
Embryogenesis - Formation of embryo
How much does the mothers cardiac output change during pregnancy?
30 -50%
How much does the mothers plasma volume increase by during pregnancy?
50%
Erythropoesis by 25%
What feedback loop is used in labour?
Positive feedback
