Endocrine system & endocrine dysfunction Flashcards
The cells of endocrine glands:
release their secretions directly to the blood.
The most complex hormonal regulation responses involve the:
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland by:
secreting releasing & inhibiting hormones into a system of blood vessels connecting the two.
Increased levels of which hormone will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood?
parathyoid hormone
The adrenal medulla produces
adrenaline
When blood glucose levels rise,
insulin is released.
When blood glucose levels fall,
glucagon is released.
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce:
aldosterone.
The pancreatic hormone that causes glucose to leave the blood and enter its target cells is:
insulin.
The hypothalamus acts as both a part of the brain and a(n) ________ organ.
endocrine
How would an elevated level of thyroid hormone in the body affect skeletal muscles?
It would stimulate energy use and heat production.
Which of the following hormones is released under the control of a positive feedback loop?
Oxytocin
Which of the following hormones is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?
Parathyroid hormone
Prolonged stress reduces our immunity by:
increasing the release of cortisol.
Which of the following hormones would be expected to decrease inflammation and the associated pain?
Cortisol
If the pancreas was unable to produce insulin, what disorder would result?
Diabetes mellitus
A person undergoes surgery for a tumour of the thyroid gland. The surgery involves the removal of almost the entire gland. After the surgery, the patient’s plasma calcium levels were found to be chronically low. What would be the most likely reason for this?
The removal of the thyroid gland would have resulted in the removal of the parathyroid glands along with it. Since parathyroid hormone normally raises plasma calcium level, the plasma calcium level dropped after the surgery.
A person is suffering from tiredness, weakness and inability to tolerate cold temperatures. What is the endocrine problem likely to be?
Insufficient thyroid hormone
The type of feedback loop that produces stability and controls physiological values within a range is:
a negative feedback loop
You have had a busy day at work and have not had any lunch, so your blood sugar level has dropped. What hormone would you expect to be released in reponse to this drop?
Glucagon
A person is suffering from the following symptoms: dry mouth, indigestion, and a racing heart. It is discovered that the problem is due to overactivity in one of the divisions of the nervous system. Which division is it likely to be?
Autonomic sympathetic
A person is eating a diet rich in calcium, but is not absorbing much of the calcium. Which of the following could be used to correct this problem?
Vitamin D
Children who have been completely protected from sun exposure can get soft bones because:
Lack of sun exposure leads to low levels of vitamin D which results in low plasma calcium and removal of salts from the bone.
A young woman has had her pituitary gland removed. Which of the following will she now experience?
Hypothyroidism
