Tissues Flashcards
What does epithelium tissue do?
- Covers surfaces
- Separates compartments
What are desmosomes?
Cell-cell adhering junctions that provide anchorage and allow uniform movement
What are tight junctions function?
- Sealing intercellular spaces
- Waterproofing and preventing absorbed nutrients from being lost.
What are gap junctions function?
- Allow communication between cells by allowing the transfer of soluble molecules.
What binds epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix (basal lamina)?
Hemidesmosomes
What is the function of epithelial cells in the gut?
Absorption through microvilli
What is the function of cilia?
Movement of extracellular components
Describe simple squamous epithelium.
One cell thick, flat
What are simple squamous epithelium useful for?
Diffusion
Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.
One cell thick, larger cuboid shape cells
What do simple cuboidal epithelium do?
- Secretions
- Absorption
- Found in nephrons
Where do you find simple, columnar epithelium?
- Lining of the digestive tract
What do simple columnar epithelium usually have coming out of the axial layer?
Microvilli
Where do you find stratified sqaumous epithelium?
Epidermis
Where do you find stratified cuboidal?
Ducts of sweat glands
Where do you find stratified columnar?
Pharynx, protection and secretions
What is the name of the epithelial tissue in the liver?
Hepatocytes
What are the functions of the hepatocytes?
- Secretion
- Line blood vessels and bile ducts
What is the function of the epithelium found in kidney nephrons?
- Filtration of blood
- Partial absorption of the filtrate
What is the specialised epithelial tissue found in the bladder?
Transitional stratified epithelium
What can occur from problems with the covering epithelium?
- Under/over secretion
- Lack of cilia (smoking)
- Under/over proliferation
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete into the blood
Example of an endocrine gland
Adrenal gland
What are exocrine glands
Glands that secret onto surfaces
Examples of exocrine glands
Sweat glands
What are the two types of simple glands?
- Tubular
- Acinar
What is an example of a compound gland?
- Tubuloacinar
How do myoepithelial cells ensure secretion of a molecule?
They contract around a gland to force the secrete out
Example of a disease caused by over secretion?
Pituitary gigantism
Example of a disease caused by under secretion
Pituitary dwarfism
What are the two types of fibrous connective tissue?
- Collagen
- Elastic fibres
What are the structural characteristics of collagen?
- Flexible
- Inelastic
- High tensile strength
What are the structural characteristics of elastin?
- Very stretchy
- Made of microfibrils and amorphous component
What is ground substance?
Gel like substance that is a form of connective tissue
What is ground substance made of?
- Proteglycans
- Hyaluronic acid
- Glycoproteins
What is a proteoglycan?
A protein core surrounded by GAGs
What is a glycoprotein?
A sugar connected covalently to a protein
What are the two names given to types of loose connective tissue?
- Fixed
- Transient
Examples of fixed connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
- Adipocytes
Examples of transient connective tissue?
White blood cells
Abnormal function of bone can result in
- Osteoporosis
Abnormal function of blood can result in
- Leukemia
