Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise and Wellness I (EXSC-1310-400) > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The process by which a less specialized cell ,a Rude’s into a more specialized cell is called maturation

A

False. This process is differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function?

A

A tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following stem cells have the potential to differentiate into any type of human tissue, but cannot support the full development of an organism?
A) Pluripotent
B) Multipotent
C) Totipotent
D) Uniopotent

A

A) Pluripotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consider the levels of living things to complete the following: Tissues are made from ________ and tissues form ________.

A) organs; cells

B) cells; molecules

C) molecules; cells

D) organs; organ systems

E) cells; organs

A

E) cells; organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define histology

A

It is the microscopic study of tissue appearance, organization, and function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define epithelial tissue

A

Epithelial tissue, also referred to as epithelium, refers to the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define connective tissue

A

Connective tissue, as its name implies, binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define muscle tissue

A

Muscle tissue is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement, and occurs as three major types: skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle in the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define nervous tissue

A

Nervous tissue is also excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nervous tissue involves?

A

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscle tissue involves?

A

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial tissue involves?

A

Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs, and skin surface (epidermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue involves?

A

Fat and other soft padding tissue, bone, and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define totipotent

A

totipotent, meaning each has the capacity to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ectoderm mean?

A

The outer germ layer. Ecto means outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does mesoderm mean?

A

The middle germ layer. Meso means middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does endoderm mean?

A

The inner germ layer. Endo means inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Epidermis, glands on the skin, some cranial bones, pituitary and adrenal medulla, the nervous system, the mouth between the cheek and gums, the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the mesoderm germ layer give rise to?

A

Connective tissues proper, bone, cartilage, blood, endothelium of blood vessels, muscle, synovial membranes, serous membranes lining body cavities, kidneys, lining of the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the endoderm germ layer give rise to?

A

Lining of airways and digestive system except the mouth and distal part of the digestive system (rectum and anal canal), glands (digestive glands, endocrine glands, adrenal cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define tissue membrane

A

A tissue membrane is a thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (for example, skin), the organs (for example, pericardium), internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body (for example, mucosa of stomach), and the lining of the moveable joint cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two basic types of tissue membranes?

A

Connective tissue and epithelial membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the mucous membranes line?

A

They line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
They are coated with the secretions of mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the serous membranes line?

A

The body cavities flossed to the exterior of the body: the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the cutaneous membrane do?

A

It covers the body surface. This is skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do the synovial membrane line?

A

Joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define connective tissue membrane

A

The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

A synovial membrane is a type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable joint. For

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define epithelial membrane

A

The epithelial membrane is composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue, for example, your skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define mucous membrane

A

The mucous membrane is also a composite of connective and epithelial tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

The underlying connective tissue, called the lamina propria (literally “own layer”), help support the fragile epithelial layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define serous membrane

A

A serous membrane is an epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define merocrine secretion

A

Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles that move to the apical surface of the cell where the contents are released by exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are two uncommon epithelium that can be found in certain glands and ducts, but are uncommon throughout the body?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the most common type of stratified epithelium in the body?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

A goblet cell is a mucous-secreting unicellular “gland” interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a type of epithelium that appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

The tight junction separates the cells into apical and basal compartments. When two adjacent epithelial cells form a tight junction, there is no extracellular space between them and the movement of substances through the extracellular space between the cells is blocked. This enables the epithelia to act as selective barriers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is atrophy?

A

It is when many tissues, including those in muscles, lose mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define cutaneous membrane

A

The skin is an epithelial membrane also called the cutaneous membrane. It is a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on top of connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a primary union?

A

Aprimary uniondescribes the healing of a wound where the edges are close together. When there is a gaping wound, it takes longer to refill the area with cells and collagen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a secondary union?

A

The process calledsecondary unionoccurs as the edges of the wound are pulled together by what is calledwound contraction. When a wound is more than one quarter of an inch deep, sutures (stitches) are recommended to promote a primary union and avoid the formation of a disfiguring scar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Define clotting

A

Clotting(coagulation) reduces blood loss from damaged blood vessels and forms a network of fibrin proteins that trap blood cells and bind the edges of the wound together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Define necrosis

A

Necrosis, or accidental cell death, causes inflammation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Define inflammation

A

Inflammationis the standard, initial response of the body to injury. Whether biological, chemical, physical, or radiation burns, all injuries lead to the same sequence of physiological events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Define apoptosis

A

Apoptosisis programmed cell death, a normal step-by-step process that destroys cells no longer needed by the body. By mechanisms still under investigation, apoptosis does not initiate the inflammatory response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are redness, swelling, pain, and local heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Define Vasodilation

A

Vasodilation is the widening of the blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

In response to injury, what is released?

A

In response to injury, mast cells present in tissue degranulate, releasing the potent vasodilatorhistamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What do Schwann cells produce?

A

Schwann cellproduces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What do Oligodendrocytecells produce?

A

Oligodendrocytecells produce myelin in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define astrocyte

A

Astrocytecells, named for their distinctive star shape, are abundant in the central nervous system. The astrocytes have many functions, including regulation of ion concentration in the intercellular space, uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and formation of the blood-brain barrier, the membrane that separates the circulatory system from the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Define myelin

A

A long “tail,” the axon, extends from the neuron body and can be wrapped in an insulating layer known asmyelin, which is formed by accessory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What 2 main classes of cells make up nervous tissue?

A

Two main classes of cells make up nervous tissue: theneuronandneuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Neurons propagate information via electrochemical impulses, called action potentials, which are biochemically linked to the release of chemical signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What do neuroglia do?

A

Neuroglia play an essential role in supporting neurons and modulating their information propagation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What does cardiac muscle do?

A

Cardiac muscleforms the contractile walls of the heart. The cells of cardiac muscle, known as cardiomyocytes, also appear striated under the microscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What does smooth muscle do?

A

Smooth muscletissue contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs. It forms the contractile component of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems as well as the airways and arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

When does striation happen?

A

Thestriationis due to the regular alternation of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, along with the structural proteins that couple the contractile proteins to connective tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Define myocyte

A

The muscle cell, ormyocyte, develops from myoblasts derived from the mesoderm. Myocytes and their numbers remain relatively constant throughout life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Define fibrocartilage

A

Fibrocartilage is tough because it has thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix. Menisci in the knee joint and the intervertebral discs are examples of fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Define hyaline cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans. Under the microscope, tissue samples appear clear. The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. Both strong and flexible, it is found in the rib cage and nose and covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Define elastic cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. The external ear contains elastic cartilage.

64
Q

Define skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscleis attached to bones and its contraction makes possible locomotion, facial expressions, posture, and other voluntary movements of the body. Forty percent of your body mass is made up of skeletal muscle.

65
Q

What is embedded within the cartilage matrix?

A

Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna).

66
Q

Define adipose tissue

A

Adipose tissue consists mostly of fat storage cells, with little extracellular matrix

67
Q

What is elastic fiber?

A

Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. The main property of elastin is that after being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column.

68
Q

What is collagen fiber?

A

Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body

69
Q

What is the mesenchymal cell?

A

The mesenchymal cell is a multipotent adult stem cell. These cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged tissue.

70
Q

Define adipocytes

A

Adipocytes are cells that store lipids as droplets that fill most of the cytoplasm.

71
Q

Define fibrocyte

A

A fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper.

72
Q

What are the three main types of fibers that are secreted by fibroblasts?

A

Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.

73
Q

What is the most abundant cell in connective tissue proper?

A

The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast.

74
Q

What does supportive connective tissue do?

A

Supportive connective tissue—bone and cartilage—provide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues.

75
Q

What is fluid connective tissue?

A

In fluid connective tissue, in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins.

76
Q

What does embryonic connective tissue do?

A

A second type of embryonic connective tissue forms in the umbilical cord, called mucous connective tissue or Wharton’s jelly.

77
Q

What is a cell junction?

A

Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between their cell membranes called a cell junction

78
Q

Define basal lamina

A

The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue.

79
Q

Define anchoring junction

A

An anchoring junction includes several types of cell junctions that help stabilize epithelial tissues. Anchoring junctions are common on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells where they provide strong and flexible connections.

80
Q

What does a gap junction do?

A

A gap junction forms an intercellular passageway between the membranes of adjacent cells to facilitate the movement of small molecules and ions between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

81
Q

What do the cells in simple squamous epithelium do?

A

The cells in simple squamous epithelium have the appearance of thin scales. Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell.

82
Q

Define endothelium

A

The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, and it is made up of a single layer of squamous cells.

83
Q

Define mesothelium

A

The mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium that forms the surface layer of the serous membrane that lines body cavities and internal organs.

84
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

In simple cuboidal epithelium, the nucleus of the box-like cells appears round and is generally located near the center of the cell.

85
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

In simple columnar epithelium, the nucleus of the tall column-like cells tends to be elongated and located in the basal end of the cells.

86
Q

Define transitional epithelium

A

Another kind of stratified epithelium is transitional epithelium, so-called because of the gradual changes in the shapes of the apical cells as the bladder fills with urine. It is found only in the urinary system, specifically the ureters and urinary bladder.

87
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

An endocrine gland, a ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (endo- = “inside”)

88
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Exocrine gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (exo- = “outside”).

89
Q

What is an apocrine secretion?

A

Apocrine secretion accumulates near the apical portion of the cell. That portion of the cell and its secretory contents pinch off from the cell and are released.

90
Q

What is the process of holocrine secretion?

A

The process of holocrine secretion involves the rupture and destruction of the entire gland cell. The cell accumulates its secretory products and releases them only when it bursts.

91
Q

What does the serous gland do?

A

The serous gland produces watery, blood-plasma-like secretions rich in enzymes such as alpha amylase

92
Q

What does the mucous gland do?

A

The mucous gland releases watery to viscous products rich in the glycoprotein mucin.

93
Q

Define matrix

A

The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. The matrix plays a major role in the functioning of this tissue.

94
Q

What is the mesenchyme?

A

The first connective tissue to develop in the embryo is mesenchyme, the stem cell line from which all connective tissues are later derived.

95
Q

Connective tissue proper includes what?

A

Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. Dense connective tissue is reinforced by bundles of fibers that provide tensile strength, elasticity, and protection. In loose connective tissue, the fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between.

96
Q

What is Reticular fiber?

A

Reticular fiber is also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ).

97
Q

What is Areolar tissue?

A

Areolar tissue shows little specialization. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. It fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later section.

98
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver (Figure 4.14). Reticular cells produce the reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach. It derives its name from the Latin reticulus, which means “little net.”

99
Q

True or false: The epithelial cells exhibit polarity with differences in structure and function between the exposed or apical facing surface of the cell and the basal surface close to the underlying body structures.

A

True

100
Q

True or false: The basal lamina attaches to a basement membrane, which is secreted by the underlying connective tissue, forming a reticular lamina that helps hold it all together.

A

False. The basal lamina attaches to a reticular lamina, which is secreted by the underlying connective tissue, forming a basement membrane that helps hold it all together.

101
Q

What is not one of the four major types of tissue found in the human body?
A) Contractile tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Epithelial tissue

A

A) Contractile tissue

This is not a real tissue type

102
Q

Sheets of cells lining the organs of the GI track from what tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces of the body and lines internal organs

103
Q

Which of the following connective tissues normally lacks extracellular fibers?
A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Adipose CT
C) Blood
D) Areolar CT

A

C) Blood

As long as blood is circulating normally, it has no fibers. Blood has a protein in its ground substance that can become fibrous, it only does that after an injury. When blood breaks out of its vessel, like when we are cut, this protein assembles into fibers that help with clotting

104
Q

Hyaline cartilage fits into what category of connective tissue?

A

Supportive connective tissue

105
Q

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from what?

A

The mesenchyme

106
Q

Which of these is not one of the many functions of connective tissue?
A) Defense against microorganisms
B) Protection of other tissues and organs
C) Contracting to enable movement of organs or bones
D) Attachment of muscle to bone

A

C) Contracting to enable movement of organs or bones

This is the role of muscular tissue

107
Q

What forms of connective tissue contain mostly fibroblasts and fibrocytes along with the protein fibers they produce?

A

Connective tissue proper

Examples would be regular and elastic and loose areolar tissue

108
Q

The basement membrane is what?

A

What sticks epithelial tissue to connective tissue

All epithelial tissue sits on a basement membrane, but only some epithelium originates from the ectoderm

109
Q

What tissue membrane is made up entirely of connective tissue?

A

Synovial

110
Q

What junction makes a seal between two cells so that nothing can slip through from the lumen to the basal edge between the cells?

A

The tight junction

111
Q

True or false: Mineral storage is a function of epithelial tissue

A

False. Mineral storage is NOT a function of epithelial tissue

112
Q

What gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures?

A

The holocrine

113
Q

What gland releases its apical region and reforms?

A

Apocrine

114
Q

What epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?

A

Simple squamous

115
Q

True or false: Epithelial tissue has a large amount of extracellular material between cells

A

False. Epithelial tissue has very little extracellular matrix

116
Q

What is a function of epithelial tissue?
A) To contract and provide movement
B) To cover external surfaces of the body
C) To protect, support, and bind other tissues and organs together
D) To allow communication in the form of electrochemical impulses

A

B) To cover external surfaces of the body

The skin and lining of the mouth are examples

117
Q

When a colonoscopy is performed, the gastroenterologist views the lining of a patient’s colon. The tissue being viewed is what?

A

Epithelial tissue

118
Q

What lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment?

A

Mucosa

119
Q

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from what?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

120
Q

True or false: Embryonic tissue is a type of primary tissue

A

False

121
Q

Where are serous membranes most likely to be found in the body?

A

They are found within the lining of body cavities closed to the external environment

Serous membranes line the coelomic cavities of the body, and cover the organs located within those cavities

122
Q

Connective tissue proper involves what?

A

Loose connective tissue (Areolar, adipose, and reticular) and dense connective tissue (dense regular, elastic, dense irregular)

123
Q

Supportive connective tissue involves what?

A

Cartilage (Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic) and bone

124
Q

Fluid connective tissue involves what?

A

Blood and lymph

125
Q

True or false: The mesoderm gives rise to bone, cartilage, blood, blood vessels, and muscle

A

True, each of these tissues arise from the mesoderm

126
Q

What cell type is likely to contain the most mitochondria?

A

Muscle cell

127
Q

Most cells within the body only contain one nucleus. Some exceptions to this rule are ______ cells which are multinucleate, and _______ cells which are anucleate
A) Liver, white blood
B) Bone, sperm
C) Muscle, red blood
D) Nerve, skin

A

C) Muscle, red blood

128
Q

Some electrically-active cells, like smooth and cardiac muscle cells, are able to spread their electrical activity to cell-to-cell through what junctions?

A

Gap junctions

129
Q

What best describes the histology of skeletal msucle?

A

Long fibers, striated, and multinucleated

130
Q

How does skeletal muscle enable motion?

A

Contracting and pulling attached bones closer together

Skeletal muscle is directly attached to the skeleton and manipulates it through contractions

131
Q

What muscle type is striated and involuntary?

A

Cardiac muscle

132
Q

The striations visible in muscle tissues reflect what?

A

A very ordered cytoskeleton that enables movement

133
Q

Which muscle tissue type is electrically excitable?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

134
Q

The spinal cord is an organ of which system?

A

The nervous system

135
Q

Reflexes that maintain homeostasis in the body respond to what?

A

Stimuli. Stimuli will be sensed up and responded to in order to maintain homeostasis

136
Q

After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ______

A

A control center

137
Q

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes what?

A

An ion

138
Q

Which of these best describes how a neuron generates a response in the body?
A) An action potential is generated, which travels down the axon towards the synapse, releasing a neurotransmitter
B) A neurotransmitter is generated within the neuron, which is then released by the dendrite
C) An action potential is generated, which travels down the dendrite
D) A neurotransmitter is released and generates an action potential

A

A) An action potential is generated, which travels down the axon towards the synapse, releasing a neurotransmitter

This is the sequence followed during all nerve signals

139
Q

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are what?

A

Neurons

140
Q

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
A) Microglia
B) Neuroglia
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Astrocytes

A

D) Astrocytes

141
Q

Which part of the neuron is an informational input region and can be present in high numbers in one neuron?

A

Dendrite

142
Q

An action potential is what?

A

An electrical impulse

143
Q

Why are epithelial cells polarized?

A

They have an apical and a basal edge

144
Q

Which cell type is responsible for making collagen fibers?

A

Fibroblasts

These fiber makers make all the different CT fibers

145
Q

Someone who develops tendinitis has inflammation of what type of connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

146
Q

Which of these is true regarding the primary union versus secondary union healing processes?
A) Primary unions occur in large, gaping wounds
B) Primary unions require stitches to minimize scarring
C) Primary unions are pulled together by the tissue that fills in the wound
D) Primary unions are much less likely to produce scar tissue

A

D) Primary unions are much less likely to produce scar tissue

Primary unions occur when the edges of the wound are close together

147
Q

What is responsible for the appearance of wrinkles?

A

Reduced elasticity caused by the thinning and drying of tissue

These effects are specifically due to changes on skin and blood vessels due to aging

148
Q

What is degranulation of mast cells?

A

It is the exocytosis (secretion) of their previously synthesized chemicals like histamine

149
Q

What is the histology of skeletal tissue?

A

Long cylindrical fibers, striated, many peripherally located nuclei

150
Q

What is the function of skeletal tissue?

A

Voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organs

151
Q

What is the location of skeletal tissue?

A

Attached to bones and around entrance points to the body (examples are the mouth and anus)

152
Q

What is the histology of cardiac tissue?

A

Short, branched, striated, single central nucleus

153
Q

What is the function of cardiac tissue?

A

Contracts to pump blood

154
Q

What is the location of cardiac tissue?

A

The heart

155
Q

What is the histology of smooth tissue?

A

Short, spindle-shaped, no evident striation, single nucleus in each fiber

156
Q

What is the function of smooth tissue?

A

Involuntary movement, moves, food, involuntary control of respiration, moves secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction

157
Q

What is the location of smooth tissue?

A

Walls of major organs and passageways

Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise and Wellness I (EXSC-1310-400) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions