Reproductive System Flashcards
How does the hypothalamus control hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary?
by secreting inhibiting and releasing factors into a portal system
When 11-year-old Jason came home from summer baseball camp, his voice was cracking and his body appeared more muscular. By the time he returned to school that fall, Jason’s voice had deepened and he was 2 inches taller. What primary hormone caused Jason’s body to change so quickly?
testosterone
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?
inhibin
The major gonadal hormone of the male reproductive system is ________, while for the female reproductive system it is ________
Testosterone; estrogen
The gonads produce what class of hormones?
steroid hormones
Which stage of spermatogenesis involves diploid cells?
The primary spermatocyte stage
The primary spermatocytes are diploid, as they later undergo meiosis to create haploid sperm.
What are male gametes called?
sperm
Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Spermatogenesis takes place in the _______
seminiferous tubules
Why are the testes held outside the body in the scrotum?
Sperm production is optimized below body temperature and holding the testes outside the body helps to keep the testes cooler.
Hormone replacement therapy is sometimes recommended for women who are experiencing the hot flashes of menopause. Considering what we know about the hormones in the endocrine system, which hormone is being replaced with this treatment?
estrogen
Ovaries decrease in size with age, causing a decrease in estrogen levels. Estrogen replacement therapy replaces estrogen lost through aging.
The ________ is the name of the membrane that lines the organs within the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneum
Menopause is triggered by the reduction of which of the following hormones?
progesterone
When do the oogonia undergo mitosis?
before birth
The vulva includes the ________
mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands
True or false: The vagina serves as an entrance to the reproductive tract.
True
True or false: The vagina serves as the entrance from the uterus during childbirth.
False. The vagina serves as the EXIT from the uterus during childbirth.
True or false: The rugae of the inner mucous membrane and the middle layer of smooth muscle allow for the vagina to accommodate childbirth
True
An oocyte and the surrounding supporting cells form what?
A follicle
Where in the uterine tube does fertilization most often occur?
The ampulla, the middle region of the uterine tube.
What are the female gonads called?
ovaries
The absence of testosterone would negatively impact what?
Libido, fertility, and spermatogenesis
True or false: The female reproductive system is primarily found in the pelvic cavity and the male reproductive system is found outside.
True
True or false: the female reproductive system must support a developing fetus, and the male reproductive system does not.
True
True or false: The female reproductive system produces testosterone, and the male reproductive system produces ovaries
False. The female reproductive system produces oocytes, and the male reproductive system produces sperm
What controls whether an embryo will develop testes or ovaries?
Y chromosome
Without SRY expression, an embryo will develop ________
female reproductive structures
The timing of puberty can be influenced by what?
Genes, body fat, and stress
What hormone does not play a role in puberty?
Vasopressin
Why does the sensitivity of the negative feedback in the thalamus to sex hormones need to change for puberty to occur?
If the high sensitivity found in prepubescent children was maintained there would not be enough GnRH/FSH/LH release for puberty to occur
