Exam One Flashcards
Which plane divides the body into top and bottom?
Transverse
Homeostasis refers to what?
Maintaining interal conditions
The heart is in the ______ region of the body.
A) appendicular
B) axial
C) lateral
D) medial
B) axial
The knee is ___ to the ankle
A) superficial
B) deep
C) superior
D) inferior
C) superior
An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a what?
Physiologist
The spinal cord is found in what body cavity?
Dorsal
The hip is ____ to the knee
A) distal
B) medial
C) lateral
D) proximal
D) proximal
The lungs are found in which cavity?
The thoracic cavity
The brain is found in the _____ body cavity
A) dorsal
B) superior
C) ventral
D) inferior
A) dorsal
Which of the following examples illustrates a homeostatic mechanism?
A)frostbite due to exposure to cold
B) dehydration from lack of water intake
C) increasing body temperature during exercise
D) shivering in response to a drop in body temperature
D) shivering in response to a drop in body temperature
Some cells are free floating while others are bound together to form walls. Cells form these intercellular bonds by using what?
Membrane proteins
There is typically a fluid inside the cell called __________, and a fluid outside the cell called ________.
Intracellular fluid, extra cellular fluid
Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis
Imagine you have a glass of water. You slowly start to add salt to the glass by turning your salt shaker over the glass. Over time the solution will become more what?
Hypertonic
Exocytosis is a type of:
A) cell division
B) vesicular transport
C) cell reproduction
D) cell binding
B) vesicular transport
What cellular structure is MOST responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis?
Plasma membrane
What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
Protein synthesis
What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?
A)the nucleus
B) a mitochondrion
C)a centriole
D) a lysosome
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) a lysosome
The plasma membrane contains proteins. Which of the following is a function of these membrane proteins?
A)contain markers to identify the cell as part of the host
B) to selectively allow substances into the cell
C) to selectively allow substances out of the cell.
D) all of the above.
D) all of the above.
The smallest unit of life is what?
A cell
An ATP molecule that loses its terminal phosphate becomes what?
ADP
Which substance becomes more abundant during cellular respiration?
ATP
A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be what?
Denatured
The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of what type of RNA?
Messenger RNA
All of the DNA in a cell constitutes what?
The genome
Enzymes enable chemical reactions in organisms to proceed fast enough to sustain life by:
A) Raising the activation energy
B) Lowering the activation energy
C) Sending ATP molecules out of cells
D) Creating more efficient metabolic pathways
E) Bringing energy in the form of ATP molecules into cells
B) Lowering the activation energy
Enzymes:
A) are mostly nucleic acids.
B) slow metabolic reactions.
C) do not change as they control reactions.
D) increase activation energy.
E) are consumed in reactions.
C) do not change as they control reactions.
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the:
A) nucleus.
B) vesicles.
C) cytosol.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) mitochondria.
C) cytosol.
The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the
A) Golgi apparatus.
B) oxysome.
C) nucleus.
D) mitochondrion.
E) lysosome.
D) mitochondrion.
A piece of bread held in the mouth begins to taste sweet as large carbohydrate molecules are broken down into smaller sugars. These reactions are examples of what?
Catabolism
Which of the following is not one of the four primary classes of tissue?
A) muscular tissue
B) cartilagenous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) nervous tissue
B) cartilagenous tissue
Dead scaly keratinized cells are found in which layer of the epithelium?
A) stratum corneum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
A) stratum corneum
Connective tissues are all composed of cells, fibers and what else?
Ground substance
The two types of cells that make up nervous tissue are what?
Neurons and neuroglia
The deepest layer of cells in epithelial tissue is attached to a membrane. What is the name of the membrane?
The basement membrane
Tendons and ligaments are made predominantly of which protein?
Collagen
Where is hyaline cartilage found in the body?
The joints
Tendons are in a category of what type of connective tissue?
Tendons are dense regular connective tissue because their fibers are parallel and closely spaced
Two of the types of cartilage are hyaline and:
A) dense
B) osseous
C) spongy
D) elastic
E) connective
D) elastic
In which of the following tissues would you be least likely to find blood vessels?
Epithelium
Which of the following substances is not an element?
A) Carbon
B) Water
C) Oxygen
D) Iron
B) Water
Which of the following is not organic?
A) carbon dioxide
B) a carbohydrate
C) a protein
D) a lipid
A) carbon dioxide
Synthesis reactions:
A) Separate molecules to form two or more smaller molecules.
B) Always create energy
C) Put molecules together to form a larger molecule
D) Always use energy
C) Put molecules together to form a larger molecule
Which best describes one of the roles of lipids in the human body?
A) an energy source
B) a structural building block
C) a electrical conductor
D) a generator of electricity
A) an energy source
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as ____.
A) AB + CD → AC + BD
B) A+B→C+D
C) AB→A+B
D) A+B→AB
C) AB→A+B
All of the food we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are what?
Chemicals
Water has a pH of what?
7
Which element is NOT found in abundance in the human body?
A) iron
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen
A) iron
An atom that has gained or lost an electron is called what?
An ion
Which of the following substances only function is to provide energy for the body:
A)protein
B) acid
C) carbohydrate
D) lipid
C) carbohydrate
