Integumentary and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
Epithelial cells are polarized because
A) they have an apical and a basal edge.
B) they have cellular junctions.
C) are composed of molecules built entirely of polar covalent bonds.
D) their nuclei are not always centered
A) they have an apical and a basal edge.
You are a nurse providing a patient with an intradermal injection in their forearm. What is the correct order of strata the needle would pierce through as it enters the forearm?
A) Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum
B) Stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale
C) Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
D) Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
C) Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
The forearm does not have a stratum lucidum
Which cell type makes up the majority of the epidermis?
A) Adipocyte
B) Melanocyte
C) Keratinocyte
D) Basal cell
C) Keratinocyte
What is the main function of the dermal papillae?
A) Store energy within adipose tissue in papillae
B) Increase strength of connection between epidermis and dermis
C) Provide a site of attachment for the dermis to the hypodermis
D) Enhance the ability for sensation of vibration and pressure
B) Increase strength of connection between epidermis and dermis
Which of the following similarities between the epidermis and dermis is correct?
A) They both consist of epithelial tissue
B) They both consist of connective tissue
C) They both contain an abundance of blood vessels
D) They both contain nerve receptors for touch
D) They both contain nerve receptors for touch
All the following are functions of the hypodermis EXCEPT:
A) Connection to the epidermis
B) Insulation
C) Protection of underlying organs
D) Energy (fat) storage
A) Connection to the epidermis
What is the most common form of exocrine secretion that releases material through the exocytosis of vesicles?
A) aprocrine
B) holocrine
C) merocrine
D) serous
C) merocrine
An example would be the sweat glands.
The integumentary system is made of multiple layers of tissue and cells. Which of these is not part of the integumentary system?
A) skeletal muscle
B) blood vessels
C) autonomic and sensory nerve fibers
D) exocrine glands
A) skeletal muscle
This is part of the muscular system.
Which of these is not a role of the hypodermis and deep fascia?
A) fat storage
B) holding the nerves, hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands of skin
C) insulation and cushioning
D) connecting skin to the fibrous tissue of the bones and muscles
B) holding the nerves, hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands of skin
Holding the nerves, hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands of skin is not carried out by the hypodermis but by the dermis.
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________.
A) melanocytes
B) keratinocytes
C) connective tissue
D) adipose tissue
C) connective tissue
This type of secretion occurs when a cell explodes.
A) holocrine
B) apocrine
C) serous
D) merocrine
E) alveolar
A) holocrine
All the following are functions of hair EXCEPT:
A) Insulation
B) Energy storage
C) Sensory input
D) Protection
B) Energy storage
The function of sebum is to:
A) Be released as part of the human pheromone response
B) Lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
C) Create a layer of oil over the skin allowing for increased insulation
D) Maintain homeostasis through thermoregulation
B) Lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
Chemical hair dyes are able to stain the hair by creating holes in the tough, outermost layer of the hair known as the ________, allowing the dye to enter the hair and alter its color.
A) Cuticle
B) Glassy membrane
C) Medulla
D) Cortex
A) Cuticle
Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is farthest from the nail growth center?
A) nail bed
B) hyponychium
C) nail root
D) eponychium
B) hyponychium
Which accessory structures of the skin is responsible for producing sweat?
Sudoriferous glands
These include eccrine and apocrine glands that produce sweat.
The basement membrane is
A) entirely cellular.
B) the basal membrane of epithelial cells.
C) what sticks epithelial tissue to connective tissue.
D) ectodermal in origin.
E) secreted entirely by epithelial cells.
C) what sticks epithelial tissue to connective tissue.
Which of these is NOT true regarding the structure of epithelial tissue?
A) Epithelial tissue has a large amount of extracellular material between cells.
B) Epithelial tissue is nearly completely avascular.
C) Epithelial tissue can replace itself quickly.
D) Epithelial tissue has apical and basal surfaces that are structurally different.
A) Epithelial tissue has a large amount of extracellular material between cells.
Epithelial tissue has very little extracellular matrix.
Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat?
A) tendon
B) adipose tissue
C) reticular tissue
D) dense connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?
A) protects underlying organs
B) helps maintain body temperature
C) storage of blood vessels
D) a site for long-term energy storage
C) storage of blood vessels
If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria?
A) Merkel cells
B) keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) melanocytes
C) Langerhans cells
What structure within the skin enables it to be sensitive to touch?
A) keratin and glycolipids in the stratum corneum
B) dilated arterioles in the dermis
C) colecalciferol
D) Meissner corpuscles
D) Meissner corpuscles
These are concentrated on the fingertips.
One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function?
A) stratum lucidum
B) desmosomes
C) folic acid synthesis
D) Merkel cells
C) folic acid synthesis
You decide to go for a run outside on a hot day and you notice your body temperature begin to rise. To cool you down, your body activates responses to bring your body temperature back to homeostasis. Which of the following options will NOT lead to body cooling?
A) Dilation of dermal blood vessels
B) Contraction of arrector pili muscles
C) Routing of blood circulation towards surface of skin
D) Activation of eccrine sweat glands
B) Contraction of arrector pili muscles
A lack of vitamin D in the body can lead to ________ in children.
A) Osteoporosis
B) Rickets
C) Jaundice
D) Albinism
B) Rickets
Which type of receptor is highly concentrated on fingertips and functions to respond to light touch?
A) Meissner corpuscle
B) Pacinian corpuscle
A) Meissner corpuscle
What do sebaceous glands secrete?
A) lipids that lubricate skin
B) sweat needed for heat regulation
C) organic compounds that, following bacterial decomposition, cause body odor
D) water, salt, waste, and an antimicrobial peptide
A) lipids that lubricate skin
This is called sebum.
A cell that keeps going through mitosis after the checkpoints fail can develop into a__________.
A) molecule
B) cancer cell
C) embolism
D) somatic cell
B) cancer cell
This is one possible fate if the tumor is malign.
Cancer cells can be characterized as “generic” cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus, cancer cells lack ________.
A) differentiation
B) reproduction
C) responsiveness
D) both reproduction and responsiveness
A) differentiation
Collagen lends ________ to the skin.
A) elasticity
B) structure
C) color
D) UV protection
B) structure
An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin?
A) epidermis only
B) hypodermis only
C) epidermis and hypodermis
D) epidermis and dermis
D) epidermis and dermis
Which degree burn affects the epidermis, is the most painful, and heals within a few days?
First-degree burn
An example would be a sunburn.
In general, skin cancers ________.
A) are easily treatable and not a major health concern
B) occur due to poor hygiene
C) can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun
D) affect only the epidermis
C) can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun
Bedsores ________.
A) can be treated with topical moisturizers
B) can result from deep massages
C) are preventable by eliminating pressure points
D) are caused by dry skin
C) are preventable by eliminating pressure points
After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response?
A) increased production of melanin by melanocytes
B) increased production of connective tissue
C) an increase in Pacinian corpuscles around the wound
D) an increased activity in the stratum lucidum
B) increased production of connective tissue
Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells?
A) basal cells of the stratum basale
B) melanocytes of the stratum basale
C) keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
D) Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum
C) keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
The interconnecting network of capillaries that stem from an arteriole is called a(n)______.
A) arteriovenous anastomosis
B) capillary bed
C) thoroughfare channel
D) venule bundle
B) capillary bed
Which of the following statements is true?
A) In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption.
B) In one day, approximately 35 mm of blood are filtered and 7 mm are reabsorbed.
C) In one day, the capillaries of the lymphatic system absorb about 20.4 liters of fluid.
D) None of the above are true.
A) In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption.
Which stem cell type will be dedicated to giving rise to lymphocytes?
A) Lymphoid stem cell
B) Totipotent stem cell
C) Myeloid stem cell
D) Hemocytoblast
A) Lymphoid stem cell
The leukocytes that migrate to the tissue to become resident macrophages are the ________.
A) lymphocytes
B) eosinophils
C) monocytes
D) neutrophils
E) basophils
C) monocytes