Respiratory System

Question 1

The paranasal sinuses are ________
A) air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only
B) air-filled spaces found within all bones of the skull
C) not connected to the nasal cavity
D) divided at the midline by the nasal septum

Answer 1

A) air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

Question 2

Which structure forms the upper portion of the nasal septum?

Answer 2

Perpendicular plate

Question 3

Cilia tend to be found on which shape of epithelial cells?

Answer 3

columnar cells

Question 4

The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?
A) nasopharynx
B) laryngopharynx
C) nasal cavity
D) oral cavity

Answer 4

D) oral cavity

Question 5

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?

A) C-shaped cartilage
B) smooth muscle fibers
C) cilia
D) all of the above

Answer 5

D) all of the above

Question 6

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 6

to remove pathogens and debris

Question 7

What is the functional difference between the respiratory and conducting zone of the respiratory system?
A) The conducting zone takes oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
B) The respiratory zone is responsible for gas exchange and the conducting zone moves air.
C) The respiratory zone and conducting zone are one and the same
D) The conducting zone is responsible for gas exchange and the respiratory zone moves air.

Answer 7

B) The respiratory zone is responsible for gas exchange and the conducting zone moves air.

Question 8

How does the nasal conchae help to clean and warm the air?

Answer 8

The increased surface area of the nasal conchae creates turbulence that leads to the air contacting the walls of the nasal cavity warming and filtering the air.

Question 9

The apex of the heart rests in the cardiac notch, a depression in where?

Answer 9

inferior lobe of the left lung

Overall, the left lung is smaller than the right to accommodate the heart.

Question 10

Low-oxygen blood exits the heart via what major vessel?

Answer 10

The pulmonary trunk, which splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which travel to the lungs.

Question 11

Which circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body?

Answer 11

pulmonary

Question 12

True or false: The visceral pericardium lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, while the parietal pericardium immediately covers the heart.

Answer 12

False, the visceral pericardium covers the heart, and the parietal pericardium lines the walls of thoracic cavity

Question 13

Which nerve is associated with the autonomic nervous system and innervates many visceral organs?

Answer 13

Vagus

Question 14

What is the primary function of the lungs?

Answer 14

The primary function of the lungs is to perform the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 15

What is happening during pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 15

Gas is moved between the atmosphere and the lungs.

Movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs happens during pulmonary ventilation.

Question 16

Why does the left lung contain two lobes and the cardiac notch?

Answer 16

The left lung must accommodate the heart.

Question 17

In the lungs, parasympathetic stimulation causes ________, and sympathetic stimulation causes ________.

A) Bronchoconstriction; bronchoconstriction
B) Bronchodilation; bronchoconstriction
C) Bronchoconstriction; bronchodilation
D) Bronchodilation; bronchodilation.

Answer 17

C) Bronchoconstriction; bronchodilation

Question 18

Which pleura is connected to the thoracic wall?

Answer 18

Parietal pleura

Question 19

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, are the:

Answer 19

visceral and parietal pleurae

Question 20

What borders the lungs inferiorly?

Answer 20

The diaphragm

Question 21

Where is pleural fluid found?

Answer 21

Between the visceral and parietal pleura in the pleural cavity.

Question 22

If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?

Answer 22

molecules

Question 23

The change in volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing is due to the alternate contraction and relaxation of which muscles?

Answer 23

diaphragm

Question 24

When considering the pressures that drive breathing, which pressure equals atmospheric pressure at the end of an expiration?

Answer 24

intrapulmonary or intra-alveolar pressure

Intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure at the end of an expiration.

Question 25

Carlos has been smoke-free for a year and his doctor wants to test his current lung function. He asks Carlos to take a breath and then exhale that breath. Carlos does, but as he is exhaling, the doctor encourages him to keep blowing: “Come on, Carlos! Keep it coming! More! Can you exhale any more?” What lung capacity was Carlos’s doctor testing?

Answer 25

The expiratory reserve volume, which is the amount of air that can be exhaled beyond normal exhalation.

Question 26

How does the apneustic center in the pons stimulate deep breathing?

Answer 26

The apneustic center stimulates deep breathing by stimulating neurons in the dorsal respiratory group in the medulla

Question 27

A decrease in volume leads to what type of pressure?

Answer 27

Increased pressure

Question 28

Gas flow decreases as what increases?

Answer 28

resistance