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Anaphy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

A group of cells with similar structure and function, as well as similar extracellular substances located between cells.

A

Tissues

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2
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

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3
Q

4 types of tissues

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscle
  4. nervous
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4
Q

Found throughout the body where it covers internal and external surfaces. It also forms most of the glands.

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

epithelial tissue is composed of layer of epithelial cells with one surface which is not in contact with other cells.

A

free surface or apical surface

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6
Q

attaches the epithelial cells (basal surface) to
underlying tissues.

A

basement membrane

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7
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. protect underlying structures
  2. acting as barriers
  3. permitting the passage of substances
  4. secreting substances
  5. absorbing substance
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8
Q

epithelial tissue can be classified according to

A
  • number of cell layers
  • shape of the cells
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9
Q
  • consists of a single layer of cells
  • typically found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur
A

simple epithelium

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10
Q

more than one layer of cells

A

stratified epithelium

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11
Q
  • single layer of cell; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliates and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface.
A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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12
Q
  • cells are flat or scale like
  • single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross seection because the cells are so flat.
A

simple squamous

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13
Q
  • cells are cube shaped
  • as wide as they are tall
  • centrally located, spherical nuclei
A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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14
Q
  • cells are taller than they are wide
  • simple layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of the lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvili (intestines)
A

simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

forms a thick epithelium because it consists of many layers of cells.

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

2 classifications of stratified squamous

A
  1. keratinized
  2. non-keratinized
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17
Q

forms outer layer of skin and provides protection against abrasion

A

keratinized

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18
Q

the moist part of the epithelium and prevents surfaces from drying out

A

non-keratinized

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19
Q
  • stratified cells that apppear cuboidal when th eorgan or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid
  • specialized epithelia to change in response to increased tension.
  • forms hollow organs
A

transitional epithelium

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20
Q

2 classifications of transitional epithelium

A
  1. squamous (when stretched)
  2. columnar/cuboidal (when not stretched)
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21
Q

function of epithelium in terms of number of cell layers

movement of materials (diffusion, filtration, secretion and absorption)

A

simple

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22
Q

function of epithelium in terms of number of cell layers

protection

A

Stratified

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23
Q

function of epithelium in terms of number of cell layers

cleaning

A

pseudostratified

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24
Q

function of epithelial tissue In terms of cell shape

diffusion and filtration

A

squamous

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25
Q

function of epithelial tissue In terms of cell shape

absorption and secretion

A

cuboidal and columnar

26
Q

cell connections

  • bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers
  • impermeable prevent molecules from passing through the intracellular space
A

tight junctions

27
Q

cell connections

  • mechanical links that function to bind cells together
  • anchoring junctions bind adjacent cell together like a molecular velcro and help form an internal tension-reducing network of fibers
A

desmosomes

28
Q

cell connections

modified desmosomes

A

hemidesmosomes

29
Q

CELL CONNECTIONS

  • allows intracellular communication
  • small channels that allow small
    molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell to an adjacent one.
A

gap juctions

30
Q

characterized by large amounts of
extracellular materials that separate cells from
another.

A

Connective tissue

31
Q

3 components of connective tissue

A
  1. protein fibers
  2. ground substances
  3. fluid
32
Q

surface of the cells that is anchored in place is called?

A

basal surface

33
Q
A
34
Q
  • single layer of cube-shaped cells, some cells have microvili(kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)
A

simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules, secretion buy cells of glands and choroid plexuses (brain); movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction.

A

simple squamous epthelium

37
Q

movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestis; absorption by cells of intestines.

A

simple columnar epithelium

38
Q

synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and moce mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

39
Q

several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; can be keratinized or nonkeratinized

A

stratified squamous epithelium

40
Q

the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

41
Q
A
42
Q

the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead

A

keratinized stratified epithelium

43
Q

protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body

A

stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

location

outer layer of the skin

A

keratinized stratified epithelium

45
Q

location

mouh, larynx, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

46
Q

stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

A

transitional epithelium

47
Q

accomodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine

A

transitional epithelium

48
Q

location

lining of unrinary bladder , ureters, and superior urethra

A

transitional epithelium

49
Q

location

lining of the nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

50
Q

glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain.

A

simple columnar epithelium

51
Q

kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of termina bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

52
Q

lining of blood vessels anf the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveloi of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

A

simple squamous epithelium

53
Q

a fine network of fibers (mostly collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers) with spaces between the fibers; fibrobasts, macrophages, anf lymphocytes are located in the spaces

A

areolar connective tissue

54
Q

little extracellular matrix surrounding cells; the adipocytes, or fat cells, are so full of lipid that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell

A

Adipose Tissue

55
Q

fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged

A

reticular tissue

56
Q

Matrix composed of collagen fibers running in somewhat the same direction in tendons and ligaments; collagen fibers run in several directions in the dermis if the skin and in organ capsules

A

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

57
Q

matrix xomposed of collagen fibers and elastin fibers running in somewhat the same direction in elastic ligaments; elastic fibers run in connective tissue of blood vessel walls

A

dense regular elastic connective tissue

58
Q

loose packing, support, and support and nourishment for the structures with which it is associated

A

areola connective tissue

59
Q

Packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred

A

adipose tissue

60
Q

provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues

A

reticular tissue

61
Q

within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

A

reticular tissue

Anaphy (12 decks)

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