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Blood Flashcards

1
Q
  • The only fluid tissue in the body
A

Blood

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2
Q

is a type of connective tissue that consists of a liquid matrix containing cells and fragments

A

blood

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3
Q

living blood cells (cell fragments)

A

formed elements

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4
Q

f

formed elements are suspended in a non living fluid matrix called?

A

plasma

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5
Q

Total blood volume in an average female adult

A

4-5 liters

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6
Q

total blood volume in an average male

A

5-6

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7
Q

Blood makes up _% of the total weight of the body

A

8%

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8
Q

Centrifuged blood

3 blood components

A
  1. Plasma (55%)
  2. Buffy Coat (<1%)
  3. erythrocytes (45%)
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9
Q

Physical Characteristics

Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

A

Blood

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10
Q

Physical Characteristics

Color varies from

A

scarlet to dark red.

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11
Q

Blood is denser than ___ and about 5 times more ___largely because of the ___

A
  • Blood is denser than water and about five times
    more viscous, largely because of the formed
    elements
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12
Q

Blood is Slightly alkaline

A

(pH – 7.35-7.45)

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13
Q

Functions of the Blood

A
  1. Protection
  2. Distribution
  3. Regulation
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14
Q

A pale - yellow fluid that consists of about:
* 91% ___
* 7% ___
* 2% ___

A

Plasma
* 91% water
* 7% proteins
* 2% other solutes

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15
Q

Plasma Proteins (3)

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulin
  • Fibrinogen
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16
Q

Albumin (__%)
Globulin (__%)
Fibrinogen (__%)

A

Albumin (58%)
Globulin (38%)
Fibrinogen (4%)

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17
Q

Contributes to osmotic
pressure

A

Albumin (58%)

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18
Q

Composed of gamma,
alpha and beta

A

Globulin (38%)

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19
Q

Contributes to blood
clot

A

Fibrinogen (4%)

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20
Q

The process of blood cell production is called

A

“hematopoiesis.”

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21
Q

All the formed elements of the blood are derived
from a single population of cells called

A

“stem cells.”

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22
Q

Formed elements are composed of

A
  • 95% of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
  • 5% of white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets
    (thrombocytes)
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23
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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24
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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25
Q

thrombocytes

A

blood platelets

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26
Q

Biconcave disk, no
nucleus,

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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27
Q

erythrocytes contain
___ which colors
the cell red.

A

hemoglobin

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28
Q

diameter of erythrocytes (RBC)

A

6.5-8.5 micrometer

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29
Q

A microliter of blood
contains of ___ red
blood cells.

A

5 million

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30
Q

Functions of erythrocytes

A

Transports oxygen and cabon dioxide

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31
Q

Hemoglobin consist of

A

globin(2 alpha and beta polypeptide chains)
4 heme groups

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32
Q

Spherical cells with a
nucleus

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

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33
Q

A microliter of blood
contains __ white blood cells.

A

5,000-10,000 leukocytes

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34
Q

Body’s defense against
pathogens

A

WBC leukocytes

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35
Q

WBC is composed of (5)

A
  • Neutrophil
  • Basophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Lymphocyte
  • Monocyte
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36
Q

White Blood Cells

Nucleus with 2-4 lobes connected by thin filaments;cytoplasmic granules stain a light pink or reddish purple; Phagocytosis

A

Neutrophil

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37
Q

WBC

Nucleus with 2 indistinct lobes; cytoplasmic granules stain blue-purple; Inflammatory
Response

A

Eosinophil

38
Q

Nucleus often bilobes; cytoplasmic granules stain orange-red or bright red; Inflammation and Clot Formation

39
Q

Round nucleus; cytoplasm forms a thin ring around the nucleus; Direct cell attack (destroys microorganism)

A

Lymphocyte

40
Q

Nucleus round, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped; contains more cytoplasm than does lymphocyte; Phagocytosis

41
Q

Minute fragments of
cells, each consisting of
small amount of
cytoplasm surrounded
by cell membrane.

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

42
Q

A microliter of blood
contains ___ platelets.

A

150,000-
400,000

43
Q

Fuction of platelets (Thrombocytes)

A

Preventing
Blood loss

44
Q

A laboratory examination of blood yields
information that can be used to evaluate a person’s
health. This involves CBC, Differential white blood
cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time, etc.

A

Diagnostic Blood Tests

45
Q

Analysis of blood that provides much useful
information

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

46
Q

A CBC consists of

A
  • RBC count
  • Hemoglobin measurement
  • Hematocrit measurement
  • WBC count
47
Q

Normal RBC count in Females and Males

A

Females: 4.2-5.4 million per
microliter of blood
Male: 4.6-6.2 million per
microliter of blood

48
Q

Hemoglobin Measurement Normal Values

A

Male: 14-18 grams per 100mL
of blood
Female: 12-16 grams per
100mL of blood

49
Q

Hematocrit Measurement Normal Values

A

Male: 40-52% of the blood
Female: 38-48% of the blood

50
Q

White Blood Count Normal Values

A

5000-9000 per microliter of
Blood

51
Q

Determines the percentage of each of the five kinds
of white blood cells.

A

Differential White Blood Cell

52
Q

Normally, each kind account for:
* ___- neutrophils
* ___– lymphocytes
* ___- monocytes
* ___ - eosinophils
* ___ - basophils
of the entire white blood cell

A
  • 60-70% - neutrophils
  • 20-25%. – lymphocytes
  • 3-8% - monocytes
  • 2-4% - eosinophils
  • 0.5-1% - basophils
53
Q

The blood’s ability to clot can be assessed through:

A

Platelet Count, Prothrombin Time Measurement

54
Q
  • Platelet Count – Normal value:
A

150, 000 – 400, 000
platelets per microliter of blood.

55
Q

calculates how long
it takes for the blood to start clotting.

A

Prothrombin Time Measurement

56
Q

Prothrombin Time Measurement – Normally

A

9-12
seconds.

57
Q

The composition of materials dissolved or
suspended in the plasma can be used to assess the functioning of many of the body’s systems

A

Blood Chemistry

58
Q

Glucose, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chlorides,
lipid, etc.

A

Blood Chemistry

59
Q

Hemostasis: Blood Loss Prevention

A
  • Vascular Spasm/Vasoconstriction
  • Platelet Plug Formation
  • Blood Clotting/Coagulation
60
Q
  • Process of blood loss prevention
  • It involves many clotting factors normally present in
    plasma as well as several substances that are released
    by platelets and injured tissue cells.
A

Hemostasis

61
Q

smooth muscle contracts causing
vasoconstriction

A

Vascular Spasm

62
Q

Vascular spasm is stimulated by chemicals released by cells of the damaged blood vessel wall and by platelets. examples are:

A
  • thromboxanes
  • endothelin
63
Q

injury lining of vessel
exposes to collagen fibers. Platelets also adhere and
release chemicals that cause formation of a plug

A

Platelet plug formation

64
Q

3 steps of Platelet plug adhesion

A
  1. Platelet adhesion
  2. Platelet release reaction
  3. Platelet aggregation
65
Q

Platelet adhesionPlatelets stick to the collagen exposed by blood vessel damage. Most platelet adhesion is mediated through _______factor, a protein produced and secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells.

A

von Willebrand

66
Q

Platelet release reaction: Platelets release chemicals, such as ____ and_____, which bind to their respective receptors on the surfaces of other platelets, activating the platelets.

A

ADP ang THROMBOXANE

67
Q

Fibrinogen forms bridges between the fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug.

A

Platelet aggregation.

68
Q

fibrin forms a mesh that traps RBC and platelets forming a clot.

A

Coagulation

69
Q

3 steps of clot formation (coagulation)

A
  1. Prothrombinase production
  2. Thrombin production
  3. fibrin production
70
Q

A series of reactions results in which each clotting factor activates the next until the clotting factor______ ), or prothrombin activator, is formed.

A

prothrombinase production;prothrombinase

71
Q

Prothrombinase converts an inactive clotting factor called _____ to its active form, _____

A

prothrombin (proh-THROM-bin) to its active form, thrombin (THROM-bin).

72
Q

Thrombin converts the plasma protein ______ to___.

A

Thrombin converts the plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin.

73
Q

transfer of blood or blood components
from one individual to another

A

Transfusion

74
Q

– introduction of a fluid other than blood, such
as saline or glucose solution, into the blood.

75
Q

– protein that a surface of each red blood cell
carries.

76
Q

the blood plasma carries antibodies against
the antigens of the other blood types.

A

Antibodies

77
Q

clumping or rupture of blood cells
and clotting within blood vessels.

A

Transfusion reaction

78
Q

Transfusion reaction is Caused by interactions
by antigens and antibodies that can result into:

A
  • Agglutination
  • Hemolysis
79
Q

clumping of blood cells

A

Agglutination

80
Q

rupture of the blood cells

81
Q

Red blood cells with type A surface antigens and plasma with anti-B antibodies

82
Q

Red blood cells with type B surface antigens and plasma with anti-A antibodies

83
Q

Red blood cells with both type A and B surface antigens and neither anti-A nor anti-B plasma antibodies

84
Q

Red blood cells with neither type A nor B surface antigens but both anti-A and anti-B plasma antibodies

85
Q

System used to categorize human blood.

A

ABO Blood Group

86
Q

the person who gives blood

87
Q

the person who receives blood

88
Q

Responsible for hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can occur when the fetus is Rh-positive and
the mother is Rh-negative

A

Rh Blood Group

89
Q

Rh-positive blood has

A

Rh antigen

90
Q

Rh-negative blood

A

does not (lacks specific antigen)

Anaphy (17 decks)

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