Blood flow through th e heart Flashcards
The conduction system of the heart is made up of
specialized _____.
cardiac muscle cells
Path of Action potential through the heart
- SA node (sinoatrial)
- AV node (atrioventricular)
- AV bundle
- Right and Left Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Two main heart sounds:
* First:
* Second:
- First: lubb (lower pitch)
- Second: dupp
developed to listen the sounds of
the lungs and heart and is now used to listen other
sounds of the body as well
Stethoscope
abnormal heart sounds due to faulty
valves
Murmurs
narrowing of valve
Stenosis
Refers to the pumping process that begins with the
onset of the cardiac muscle contraction and *ends with
the beginning of the next contraction. *
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac Cycle involves the following:
- Atrial systole
- Ventricular systole
- Atrial diastole
- Ventricular diastole
contraction of atria;
contraction of ventricles
Atrial systole;
Ventricular systole
relaxation of atria;
relaxation of ventricles
Atrial diastole
Ventricular diastole
Measurements to assess heart function:
- Cardiac output (CO)
- Stroke Volume (SV)
- Heart Rate (HR)
volume of blood pumped per
ventricle per minute
Cardiac output (CO)
volume of blood pumped per
ventricle each time the heart contracts.
Stroke Volume (SV)
number of times the heart
contracts each minute.
Heart Rate (HR)
Three Main Types of Blood
Vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries
carry blood toward the heart.
Veins
site of exchange in blood and tissue
fluid.
Capillaries
Except for capillaries, blood vessels consists of
three layers:
- Tunica intima
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Adventitia
system of blood vessels that
carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to
the tissues of the body back to the right atrium.
Systemic Circulation
system of blood vessels
that carries blood from the right ventricle of the
heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of
the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation
Arteries
* Three major types:
- Elastic Arteries
- Muscular Arteries
- Arterioles
receive
blood directly from the
heart. (Ex: Aorta and the
pulmonary artery)
Elastic Arteries
distributes blood towards
the regions of the body.
(Ex: Femoral and brachial
arteries)
Muscular Arteries
deliver blood
to the capillaries.
Arterioles
All arteries of the systemic circulation branch directly
or indirectly from the
Aorta
The ____ is the part of the aorta pass
passes superiorly from the left ventricle.
ascending aorta
The _______ arise from the base of the ascending aorta and supply blood towards the heart
right and left coronary arteries
is wherein three major arteries such
as, brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left
subclavian arteries originate.
aortic arch
All these arteries than originate in the aortic arch carry blood to the head and upper limbs
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left
subclavian arteries
Head and Neck
Branches from the aortic arch and supplies the
head and arm
Brachiocephalic
(only at the right side of the
body)
Branches from the right common carotid artery and
supplies blood to the right upper limb.
Right Subclavian
Originates from the left common carotid artery and
supplies blood to the right upper limb
Left Subclavian
Branches from the brachiocephalic artery and
supplies blood to the right side of the head and
neck
Right Common Carotid
