Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Support
  2. (organ) protection
  3. movement
  4. (mineral) storage
  5. blood cell poduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is a connective tissue that contains collagen, gorund substance, and other organic molecules, as well as water and minerals.

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

these compositions form the extracellular matrix (5)

A

collagen, ground substance, and other organic molecules, as well as water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

main function of the bone?

A

support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

movement

bone

A

free movement (levers with the skeletal muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main composition

  • collagen
  • calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite)
A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the bone is mainly composed of collagen and calcium phosphates, specifically?

A

hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main function

cartilage

A

covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

movement

Free movement (reduces wear and tear on the joint surfaces)

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

main composition

  • collagen
  • elastic fibers
  • proteoglycans
A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

water-trapping proteins, which help cartilage be smooth and resilient

A

proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

main function

tendon

A

muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

main composition

tendon

A

collagen fibers (dense connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

movement

full contraction

A

tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

main function

ligament

A

bone to bone attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

movement

minimal movement (stabilizer)

A

ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

main composition

ligament

A

collagen fibers (dense connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 connective tissues of the bone that are mainly composed of collagen fibers (dense connective tissue)

A

tendon and ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bones are classified according to its? (2)

A
  1. shape
  2. histological structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 classifications of bones

A
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bone classification

  • longer than they are wide
  • this shape enhances thein functional movement of the limbs
A

long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

classification of bones

  • has a central shaft
  • mostly on the upper and lower limbs
A

long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

classification of bones

long as they are wide

A

short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

classification of bones

allows stability and facilitates some movement

A

short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

classification of bones

relatively thin, flattened shape

A

flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

classification of bones

provide barrier around soft organs

A

flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

classification of bones

have shaped that do not fit readily into other three categories

A

irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bone histology

Bones are classified into either:

A

a) compact bone
b) spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

epiphyseal lines are seen on?

A

mature long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

epiphyseal plates are seen on?

A

(growth plate)
growing long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

calcium phosphate crystals

A

hydroxiapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

4 types of bone cells

A
  1. osteogenic
  2. osteoblasts
  3. osteocytes
  4. osteoclasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

types of bone cells

bone building cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

types of bone cells

formation of new bone by osteoblasts is called?

A

ossification or osteogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Bone matrix

consists of 35% ______ and 65% ______ material

A

organic; inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

bone matrix

the organic material of the bone matrix primarily consists of ?

A

collagen and proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

bone matrix

the inorganic material consists primarily of ?

A

calcium phosphate crystals or hydroxyapatite

38
Q

bone matrix

the collagen fibers lend ___

A

flexible strength

39
Q

bone matrix

mineral components givethe matrix ___?

A

weight bearing strength

40
Q

bone matrix

what happens if bone lost minerals? lost collagen?

A

brittle bone disease
1. too flexible bc relies on collagen
2. too brittle bc relies on minerals (easily broken)

41
Q

bone cells

forms bone extracellular matrix

A

osteoblast

42
Q

bone cells

maintains bone tissue/matrix

A

osteocytes

43
Q

bone cells

functions are reabsorption or resorption

A

osteoclast

44
Q

bone cells

when bones are destroyed or are broken down then is absorbed into the blood stream

A

resorption or reabsorption

45
Q

bone cells

develops into osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cell

46
Q

bone cells

multinucleated cells

A

osteoclasts

47
Q

is a connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone

A

periosteum

48
Q
  • is a single cell layer of connective tissue that lines the internal surfaces (trabeculae)
  • includes osteoblasts and osteoclasts
49
Q

Parts of a Long bone

  • center portion of a long bone
  • consists of compact bone
50
Q

parts of a long bone

  • hollow center inside diaphysis
  • spongy bone can be seen in the lining
  • contains yellow and red bone marrow
A

medullary cavity

51
Q

parts of a long bone

  • ends of a long bone
  • consists mostly of spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone
52
Q

2 processes of formation of bone or ossification

A
  1. intramembranous
  2. endochondral
53
Q

Bone ossification

  • occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone in connective tissue membranes
A

intramembranous

54
Q

bone ossification

  • occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone in the hyaline cartilage.
A

endochondral

55
Q

bone ossification

primarily happens in skull and clavicle

A

intramembranous ossification

56
Q

bone ossification

primarily happens in bone except skull and clavicle

A

endochondral ossification

57
Q

bone ossification

diaphysis of clavicle is developed

A

intramembranous ossification

58
Q

bone ossification

epiphysis of clavicle is developed

A

endochondral ossification

59
Q

removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

A

bone remodeling

60
Q

bone remodeling

____ remove old bone;______ deposit new bone

A

osteolclasts;osteoblasts

61
Q

functions of bone remodeling (4)

A
  1. bone growth,
  2. changes in bone shape,
  3. bone repair, and
  4. calcium ion regulation
62
Q

4 major steps in bone repair

A
  1. hematoma formation
  2. callus formation
  3. callus ossification
  4. bone remodeling
63
Q

bone repair

blood vessels and cells invade the clot and produce a network of ________ called a callus

callus formation

A

fibers and cartilage

64
Q

bone repair

osteoblasts enter the callus and form spongy bone

A

callus ossification

65
Q

bone repair

when bone is broken a clot forms in the damaged area.

A

hematoma formation

66
Q

bone repair

most of the spongy bone is slowly remodeled to form compact bone and the repair is complete.

A

bone remodeling

67
Q

bone cell in developing bone?

A

osteoblasts

68
Q

bone cells in newly formed bone

69
Q

covers trabeculae

70
Q
  • covers outer surface of bone
  • contains blood vessels and nerves
A

periosteum

71
Q

spongy bone

  • contains osteoblast and osteoclasts covering trabecula
72
Q

spongy bone

  • contains osteocyte
  • rings in between lamellae
73
Q

spongy bone

interconnecting rods or plates of bone

A

trabeculae

74
Q

spongy bone

sheets or layers of bone

75
Q

in between lamellae where osteocytes are found

76
Q

spongy bone

across lamellae, looking like minute cracks across the rings of the lamellae

A

canaliculi/canaliculus

77
Q

perforiating canal for spongy bone

A

volksmann’s canal

78
Q

perforiating fibers in periosteum

A

sharpey’s fibers

79
Q

spaces in spongy bone contain

A

bone marrow and blood vessels

80
Q

Examples of long bones:

A
  1. Humerus
  2. radius(thumb side)
  3. ulna (pinky side)
  4. metacarpal/ metatarsal
  5. phalanges
  6. femur
  7. fibula (pinky toe side)
  8. tibia (thicker big toe side)
81
Q

examples of short bones

A

tarsals
carpals

82
Q

examples of flat bones

A
  1. sternum
  2. cranial bones
  3. ribs
  4. scapulae
83
Q

examples of irregular bones

A
  1. vertebrae
  2. sacrum
84
Q

Mature bone is called ____

A

Lamellar bone

85
Q

bone histology

____ has less bone matrix and more space

A

spongy bone

86
Q

bone histology

___ has more bone matrix and less space

A

compact bone

87
Q

compact bone is also called?

A

corticial bone

88
Q

functional unit of compact bone

A

osteon (haversian system)

89
Q

the central canal are lined with ?

90
Q

the central canal contain ?(3)

A

blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue

91
Q

__ or soft spots, are larger, membrane cover spaces between the developing skull bones that have not yet been ossified.

Anaphy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions