Axial Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Composed of the following bones:
• Skull
• Auditory Ossicles
• Hyoid Bone
• Vertebrae
• Thoracic Cage
The skull has – bones
22
The auditory ossicles have – bones
6
The hyoid bone has - - bones
1
The vertebrae has - bones
26
The thoracic cage has - - bones?
25
total axial bones
80
3 bone markings
✓ ARTICULATING
✓ NON - ARTICULATING
✓ DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS
Articulating (3)
- Head
- condyle
- facet
enlarged end
head
smooth rounded articular surface
Condyle
smooth flattened surface
Facet
NON - ARTICULATING (5)
- Tuberosity
- Process
- Crest
- Tubercle
- Line
knob/enlargement
Tuberosity
prominent projection
Process
prominent ridge
Crest
small rounded projection
Tubercle
elongated ridge
Line
DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS (5)
- Foramen
- Fossa
- Meatus
- Fissure
- Sinus
opening/hole
Foremen
depression
Fossa
tunnel-like opening
meatus
Cleft
Fissure
Cavity
Sinus
The skull has - - bones
22
The skull is divided into 2 parts:
a) Calvarium/Cranium
b) Cranial base/ Facial
bones
Skull: calvarium/ cranium
(6)
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
4 parts of frontal bone
✓ Squamous
✓ Supraorbital Margins
✓ Supraorbital Foramen
✓ Glabella
Forms forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial fossa;
contains sinuses
FRONTAL BONE
Internally, the frontal bone forms the ______, which supports the lobes of the brain.
Anterior cranial fossa
The frontal bone is connected to the two parietal bones by the _____
coronal suture
forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal
area
squamous part of frontal bone
superior border of each orbit of the eye contains a_______
passageway of supraorbital artery
and nerves.
supraorbital foramen or notch
allows the passage of a blood vessel and nerve for the eyelid and eye.
supraorbital foramen or notch
Between the two orbits is the _____, a smooth region of bone.
glabella
thickened part which lie under the
eyebrows. This is where the forehead ends.
Supraorbital margin
Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
parietal bones
form nearly half of the superior portion of the skull.
parietal bones
The two parietal bones are joined by the
sagittal suture
interlocking joints of the skull
sutures
joint between the parietal and frontal
bone.
coronal suture
joint between the parietal and occipital
bone.
Lambdoid Suture
joint between the parietal and
temporal bone.
Squamous Suture
Form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the middle cranial fossa
temporal bones
TEMPORAL BONES
Form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute
to the middle cranial fossa
Best viewed on______
lateral position
3 major parts of temporal bones
- Squamous
- Tympanic
- Petrous
The – part of each temporal bone meets the parietal bone.
squamous part
The - part of the temporal bone has the prominent external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)
tympanic part
The __ part of the temporal bone extends inward toward the center of the skull.
petrous part
3 parts under the squamous part of the temporal bone
✓ Zygomatic Process
✓ Zygomatic Arch
✓ Mandibular fossa + Condylar Process
(mandible) = Temporomandibular Joint
when the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch.
Zygomatic arch
condylar process of the
mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The _ is the attachment site of the mandible
Mandibular fossa
through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
External Auditory Meatus (external auditory canal)
Is a thick, bony ridge, is hollow, and houses the middle and inner ears.
Petrous part
supports the temporal brain
Middle cranial fossa
passageway of the jugular vein
Jugular Foramen
Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial
cavity.
Carotid canal
between petrous temporal and sphenoid. Most
medial portion
Foramen lacerum
transmits cranial nerves.
Internal Acoustic Meatus
which acts as an anchoring site for some neck
muscles. Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear. The mastoid
has many air cavities called “mastoid air cells”
Mastoid process
needle like process which is not just for neck
attachment but also for tongue muscles.
Styloid process
allows passage of the maxillary division of
cranial nerve V.
Foramen Rotundum
allows passage of the mandibular division of cranial
nerve V.
foramen ovale
allows passage of the middle meningeal
artery.
Foramen Spinosum
The styloid process serves as an attachment site for three muscles necessary for movement of the (3)
tongue, hyoid bone, and pharynx
supports the cerebellum
Posterior cranial fossa
largest foramen of the skull, spinal
cord passes through.
Foramen Magnum
located on each lateral side of the
foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates.
Occipital condyles
Most bulging part of the
posterior skull.
External occipital protuberance
