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Anaphy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

uppermost layer that prevents abrasion and water loss

A

epidermis

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3
Q

10-20 times thicker than the epidermis

A

dermis

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3
Q

function as padding and insulation and connects skin to underlying tissue or bone.

A

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

main cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

made up of loose connective tissue

A

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

provides most of the skin’s structural strength

A

dermis

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3
Q

contains half of the body’s stored fat

A

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

consists of skin and accessory structures, such as hair, nails, and glands.

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

new keratinocytes form in the —– layer?

A

basal layer

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3
Q

made up of stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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4
Q

new keratinocytes are formed by

A

mitosis

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4
Q

process in which new cells push up older cells to the surface

A

keratinization

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5
Q

layers of the epidermis are called

A

strata

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6
Q

consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis.

A

stratum basale

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7
Q

layers of the epidermis

mostly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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8
Q

the stratum spinosum consists of keratinocytes that are held together by sticky proteins called

A

desmosomes

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9
Q

partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.

A

stratum spinosum

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10
Q

contains langerhans cells (epidermal immune cells)

A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

where keratin is packaged in keratohyaline granules

A

stratum granulosum

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12
Q

the keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer

A

stratum granulosum

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13
Q

layers of the epidermis

the keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei.

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

layers of the epidermis

keratinocytes produce lipids and nmf

A

stratum granulosum (natural moisturizing factor)

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15
Q

layers of the epidermis

once the keratinocytes leave the stratum granulosum they die and form the

A

stratum lucidum

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16
Q

thin transparent layer of keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

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17
Q

thin layer of cells can only be found in the thick skin on the palms an soles

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

25 or more dead squamous cells filled with keratin

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

in this layer, keratinocytes become corneocytes

A

stratum corneum

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20
Q

the entire stratum corneum layer is replaced with new cells in a process known as

A

desquamation

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21
Q

made up of dense collagenous connective tissue

A

dermis

22
Q

nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend into the

A

dermis

23
Q

collagen fibers of the dermis are oriented in many different locations called

A

cleavage or tension lines

23
Q

skin is more resistant to stretch along these lines

A

cleavage or tension lines

23
Q

______ and ______are responsible for the structural strength of the dermis

A

collagen and elastic fibers

24
Q

an incision made _____ the cleavage lines can gap increasing time of healing and increase scar tissue

A

across

25
Q

an incision made ______ to the cleavage lines result in less gapping and faster healing and less scar tissue

A

parallel

26
Q

parallel curving ridges found in the hands soles foot tips of the digits that make up the finger prints

A

dermal papillae

27
Q

dermis projections that extend towards the epidermis

A

dermal papillae

28
Q

responsible for the skin, eyes, and hair pigments

A

melanin

29
Q

melanin is produced by

A

melanocytes

30
Q

golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package melanin into vesicles called

A

melanosomes

31
Q

melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through

A

phagocytosis

32
Q

melanin production is determined by:

A

genetic factors, exposure to light, and hormones

33
Q

a decrease in blood oxygen produces a bluish discoloration

A

cyanosis

34
Q

congenital disorders of the blood dermis in the dermis

A

birthmarks

35
Q

each hair arises from a

A

hair follicle

36
Q

____ of the hair protrudes above the surface of the skin

A

shaft

37
Q

below the surface

A

root

38
Q

Parts of hair

expanded base of the root

A

hair bulb

39
Q

associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells. causes goose bumps

A

arrector pili muscle

40
Q

two forms of melanin:
dominant pigment in brown and black hair

A

eumelanin

41
Q

dominant pigment in red hair

A

pheomelanin

42
Q

variety of textures caused by

A

condition of hair follicle

43
Q

simple branched acinar glands which produce sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.

A

sebaceous gland

44
Q

sweat glands

A

suderiferous

44
Q

coiled tubular glands that produce sweat

A

suderiferous/sweat glands

45
Q

2 types of sweat glands

produce secretion directly open to the skin through sweat pores

A

eccrine sweat glands

46
Q

produce thick secretion. open into the hair follicles only in the armpit and genitalia.

A

apocrine sweat glands

47
Q

a thin plate consisting of dead stratum corneum cells; very hard type of keratin

A

nails

48
Q

nails grow___

A

continuously and does not have a resting stage

49
Q

5 major functions of the integumentary system

A

protection
sensation
vitamin D
temperature regulation
excretion

50
Q

results in increased blood flow, increased heat loss

A

blood vessel dilation

51
Q

decreased blood flow, decreased heat loss

A

blood vessel constriction

52
Q

injury to the tissue caused by heat, friction, cold, chemicals, electricity, or by radiation.

A

burns

53
Q

most common type of cancer; associated with exposure to UV light from the sun

A

skin cancer

54
Q

most frequent type of skin cancer. begins in stratum basale then rises up into dermis to produce an open ulcer.

A

basal cell carcinoma

55
Q

develops immediately superficial o the stratum basale. nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

A

squamous cell carcinoma

56
Q

rare form of skin cancer. arises from melanocytes, in a preexisting mole

A

malignant melanoma

57
Q

Sensation:

touch

A

merkel’s disc

58
Q

sensitive touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

59
Q

sensation

Ruffini’s copuscle

A

touch and pressure

60
Q

sensation

free nerve ending

A

pain and temperature

61
Q

sensation

cold receptors

A

Krause’s corpuscles

62
Q

sensation

pacinian corpuscle

A

pressure

Anaphy (12 decks)

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