Integumentary System

Question 1

2 layers of the skin

Answer 1

epidermis and dermis

Question 2

uppermost layer that prevents abrasion and water loss

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

10-20 times thicker than the epidermis

Answer 3

dermis

Question 3

function as padding and insulation and connects skin to underlying tissue or bone.

Answer 3

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

main cells of the epidermis

Answer 3

keratinocytes

Question 3

made up of loose connective tissue

Answer 3

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

provides most of the skin’s structural strength

Answer 3

dermis

Question 3

contains half of the body’s stored fat

Answer 3

hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

consists of skin and accessory structures, such as hair, nails, and glands.

Answer 3

integumentary system

Question 3

new keratinocytes form in the —– layer?

Answer 3

basal layer

Question 3

made up of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 3

epidermis

Question 4

new keratinocytes are formed by

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 4

process in which new cells push up older cells to the surface

Answer 4

keratinization

Question 5

layers of the epidermis are called

Answer 5

strata

Question 6

consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis.

Answer 6

stratum basale

Question 7

layers of the epidermis

mostly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes

Answer 7

stratum spinosum

Question 8

the stratum spinosum consists of keratinocytes that are held together by sticky proteins called

Answer 8

desmosomes

Question 9

partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.

Answer 9

stratum spinosum

Question 10

contains langerhans cells (epidermal immune cells)

Answer 10

stratum spinosum

Question 11

where keratin is packaged in keratohyaline granules

Answer 11

stratum granulosum

Question 12

the keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer

Answer 12

stratum granulosum

Question 13

layers of the epidermis

the keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei.

Answer 13

stratum granulosum

Question 14

layers of the epidermis

keratinocytes produce lipids and nmf

Answer 14

stratum granulosum (natural moisturizing factor)

Question 15

layers of the epidermis

once the keratinocytes leave the stratum granulosum they die and form the

Answer 15

stratum lucidum

Question 16

thin transparent layer of keratinocytes

Answer 16

stratum lucidum

Question 17

thin layer of cells can only be found in the thick skin on the palms an soles

Answer 17

stratum lucidum

Question 18

25 or more dead squamous cells filled with keratin

Answer 18

stratum corneum

Question 19

in this layer, keratinocytes become corneocytes

Answer 19

stratum corneum

Question 20

the entire stratum corneum layer is replaced with new cells in a process known as

Answer 20

desquamation

Question 21

made up of **dense** collagenous connective tissue

Answer 21

dermis

Question 22

nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend into the

Answer 22

dermis

Question 23

collagen fibers of the dermis are oriented in many different locations called

Answer 23

cleavage or tension lines

Question 23

skin is more resistant to stretch along these lines

Answer 23

cleavage or tension lines

Question 23

______ and ______are responsible for the structural strength of the dermis

Answer 23

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 24

an incision made _____ the cleavage lines can gap increasing time of healing and increase scar tissue

Answer 24

across

Question 25

an incision made ______ to the cleavage lines result in less gapping and faster healing and less scar tissue

Answer 25

parallel

Question 26

parallel curving ridges found in the hands soles foot tips of the digits that make up the finger prints

Answer 26

dermal papillae

Question 27

dermis projections that extend towards the epidermis

Answer 27

dermal papillae

Question 28

responsible for the skin, eyes, and hair pigments

Answer 28

melanin

Question 29

melanin is produced by

Answer 29

melanocytes

Question 30

golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package melanin into vesicles called

Answer 30

melanosomes

Question 31

melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through

Answer 31

phagocytosis

Question 32

melanin production is determined by:

Answer 32

genetic factors, exposure to light, and hormones

Question 33

a decrease in blood oxygen produces a bluish discoloration

Answer 33

cyanosis

Question 34

congenital disorders of the blood dermis in the dermis

Answer 34

birthmarks

Question 35

each hair arises from a

Answer 35

hair follicle

Question 36

____ of the hair protrudes above the surface of the skin

Answer 36

shaft

Question 37

below the surface

Answer 37

root

Question 38

# Parts of hair expanded base of the root

Answer 38

hair bulb

Question 39

associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells. causes goose bumps

Answer 39

arrector pili muscle

Question 40

two forms of melanin: dominant pigment in brown and black hair

Answer 40

eumelanin

Question 41

dominant pigment in red hair

Answer 41

pheomelanin

Question 42

variety of textures caused by

Answer 42

condition of hair follicle

Question 43

simple branched acinar glands which produce sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.

Answer 43

sebaceous gland

Question 44

sweat glands

Answer 44

suderiferous

Question 44

coiled tubular glands that produce sweat

Answer 44

suderiferous/sweat glands

Question 45

# 2 types of sweat glands produce secretion directly open to the skin through sweat pores

Answer 45

eccrine sweat glands

Question 46

produce thick secretion. open into the hair follicles only in the armpit and genitalia.

Answer 46

apocrine sweat glands

Question 47

a thin plate consisting of dead stratum corneum cells; very hard type of keratin

Answer 47

nails

Question 48

nails grow___

Answer 48

continuously and does not have a resting stage

Question 49

5 major functions of the integumentary system

Answer 49

protection sensation vitamin D temperature regulation excretion

Question 50

results in increased blood flow, increased heat loss

Answer 50

blood vessel dilation

Question 51

decreased blood flow, decreased heat loss

Answer 51

blood vessel constriction

Question 52

injury to the tissue caused by heat, friction, cold, chemicals, electricity, or by radiation.

Answer 52

burns

Question 53

most common type of cancer; associated with exposure to UV light from the sun

Answer 53

skin cancer

Question 54

most frequent type of skin cancer. begins in stratum basale then rises up into dermis to produce an open ulcer.

Answer 54

basal cell carcinoma

Question 55

develops immediately superficial o the stratum basale. nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

Answer 55

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 56

rare form of skin cancer. arises from melanocytes, in a preexisting mole

Answer 56

malignant melanoma

Question 57

# Sensation: touch

Answer 57

merkel's disc

Question 58

sensitive touch

Answer 58

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 59

# sensation Ruffini's copuscle

Answer 59

touch and pressure

Question 60

# sensation free nerve ending

Answer 60

pain and temperature

Question 61

# sensation cold receptors

Answer 61

Krause's corpuscles

Question 62

# sensation pacinian corpuscle

Answer 62

pressure