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Intro to anaphy Flashcards

1
Q

investigates the structure of the body

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

to dissect or cut apart and separate , the parts of the body for study

A

anatomy

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3
Q

2 basic approaches to the study of anatomy

A
  1. systematic anatomy
  2. regional anatomy
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4
Q

study of the body by systems

A

systematic anatomy

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5
Q

study of the organization of the body by areas

A

regional anatomy

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6
Q

2 general ways to examine internal structures

A
  1. surface anatomy
  2. anatomical imaging
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7
Q

study of external features or bony projections which serve to locate deeper structures.

A

surface anatomy

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8
Q

involves the use of imaging modalities such as x-rays, ultrasound, CT-scan, MRI, etc.

A

anatomical imaging

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9
Q

deals with the processses or functions of living thing

A

physiology

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10
Q

major goals of physiology (2)

A
  1. understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli
  2. understand how the body maintains conditions in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.
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11
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body (6)

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. cell level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level
  6. organism
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12
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

The structural and functional characteristics of all organisms are determined by their chemical makeup.

A

chemical level

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13
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

____ are the basic structural and functional units of organisms such as plants and animals. They contain organelles that carry out particular functions such as digestion, and movement for the cell.

A

Cell level

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14
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

_____ is a group of similar cells and the materials that surround them.

A

tissue level

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15
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

an ___ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

A

organ level

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16
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

An ___ ___ is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions.

A

organ system

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17
Q

Structural and functional organization of the human body

an ___ is any living thing considered as a whole. The human ____ is a network of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another.

A

organism level

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18
Q

Characteristics of life (6)

A
  1. organization
  2. metabolism
  3. responsiveness
  4. growth
  5. development
  6. reproduction
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19
Q

Characteristics of Life

specific interrelationships among the individual parts of an organism, and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

A

Organization

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20
Q

Characteristics of Life

  • the ability to use energy to perform other vital functions
  • Human cells possess specialized proteins that can break down food molectules to use as a source of energy
A

metabolism

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21
Q

Characteristics of Life

an organism’s to sense changes in the external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.

A

responsiveness

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22
Q

Characteristics of Life

increase in the size or number of cells, ehich produces an overall enlargement.

A

growth

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23
Q

Characteristics of Life

changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization snd ending at death.

A

development

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24
Q

Characteristics of Life

Development: __________ involves changes in a cell’s structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature. specialized state.

A

differentiation

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25
Q

Characteristics of Life

formation of new cells or new organisms

A

reproduction

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26
Q

maintenance of a relative constant environment within the body.

A

homeostasis

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27
Q
  • narrow range of conditions
  • changes in body conditions ex. temp, volume, chemical content
A

variables

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28
Q

__ mechanisms are mostly governed by nervous and endocrine system

A

homeostatic mechanisms

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29
Q

a change variable is a ___ because it initiates homeostatic mechanisms

A

stimulus

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30
Q

Most sytems of the body are regulated by ________

A

negative feedback mechanisms

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31
Q
  • deviation from set point is made smaller or resisted.
  • reverses the change
A

negative feedback

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32
Q

activation of one component leads to inactivation of another

A

negative feedback

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33
Q

3 components of negative feedback

A
  1. receptor
  2. control center
  3. effector
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34
Q

3 components of negative feedback

  • monitors the value of the variable
  • detects stimuli
A

receptor

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35
Q

3 components of negative feedback

establishes the set point around which the variable is maintained.

A

control center

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36
Q

3 components of negative feedback

can change the value of the variable

A

effector

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37
Q
  • activation of one component leads to the activation of another
  • increases the change
A

Positive feedback

38
Q

results in deviation from set point

A

positive feedback

39
Q

example:

<p>example: you have a cut and it is bleeding, clotting occurs as platelets go to the site and release thrombine which then attracts more platelets.</p>

A

positive feedback

40
Q

governs homeostatic mechanisms

A

nervous and endocrine systems

41
Q

a reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and region.

A

anatomical position

42
Q

body movements

lifting the foot so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is ?

A

dorsiflexion

43
Q

body movements

movements that take place within the saggital plane ad involve anterior and posterios movements of the body or limbs.

A

flexion and extension

44
Q

Unilateral vs Bilateral

A

one side of the body; both sides of the body

45
Q

Ipsilateral vs contralateral

A
  • Ipsilateral reactions are those for which the side of reaction and the side of stimulation are identical.
  • Contralateral reactions are the opposite; the side of stimulation and the side of reaction are not identical.
46
Q

body movements

lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward

A

plantar flexion

47
Q

body movements

turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline

48
Q

body movements

turn the bottom of the foot away from midline

49
Q

body movements

palm to anterior facing

A

supination

50
Q

body movements

palm to posterior side

51
Q

body movements

thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.

A

opposition

52
Q

body movements

returning the thumb to its anatomical position

A

reposition

53
Q

body movements

anterior movements of the scapula or mandible

A

protraction

54
Q

body movements

posterior movements of the scapula or mandible

A

retraction

55
Q

body movements

downward movement of scapula or mandible

A

depression

56
Q

body movements

upward movements of scapula or mandible

57
Q

body movements

limb laterally away from midline

58
Q

body movements

limb towards the midline

59
Q

body movements

movement of a body region in a circular manner.

A

circumduction

60
Q

body movements

anterior surface of the limb toward midline of the body

A

medial (internal) rotation

61
Q

body movemements: rotation

rotation of the limb so that anterior surface moves away from midline

A

lateral (external) rotation

62
Q

body movements

movements of the scapula and are defined by the direction of movement of the glenoid cavity

A

superior and inferior rotation

63
Q

subdivisions of the abdomen

4 quadrants:

A
  1. right uppper
  2. right lower
  3. left upper
  4. left lower
64
Q

subdivisions of the abdomen

regions (9)

A
  1. right, left hypochondriac region
  2. right left lumbar region
  3. right, left illiac region
  4. epigastric region
  5. umbilical region
  6. hypogastric region
65
Q

3 planes of the body

A
  1. saggital plane
  2. frontal (coronal) plane
  3. transverse plane
66
Q

runs vertically from the tom to botom, divides body into left and right portion

A

sagittal plane

67
Q

sagittal plane runs directly down midline of the body

A

midsaggital plane or median plane

68
Q

sagittal planes that are uneven (not down the midline)

A

parasagittal plane

69
Q
  • will literally leave you with a front(anterior) and back(posterior) portion
A

frontal (coronal) plane

70
Q

divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) portion

A

transverse (horiziontal) plane

71
Q

planes of section through an organ

A
  1. longitudnal
  2. transverse
  3. oblique
72
Q

a thin double layered membrane that covers the walls and organs of the ventral cavity

A

serous membranes (serosa)

73
Q

2 layers of the serous membrane

A
  1. parietal
  2. visceral
74
Q

lines the walls of the cavities (outside wall)

75
Q

layer covering the internal organs

76
Q

function of serous membranes

A

prevents friction of organs during movement

77
Q

watery substance in serous membranes

A

serous fluid

78
Q

pericardial cavity

A

contains the heart

79
Q

membranes that covers the brain and spinal cord in dorsal body cavity

80
Q

houses the lungs

A

pleural cavity

81
Q

encloses the organs of the nervous system, brain and spinal chord

A

dorsal body cavity

82
Q

dorsal body cavity 2 sections

A
  1. cranial cavity
  2. vertebral canal
83
Q
  • houses the viscera (internal organs)
  • houses the thoracic cavity andabdomino-pelvic cavity
A

ventral body cavity

84
Q

houses the lungs and heart

A

thoracic cavity

85
Q

thoracic cavity

contains lungs and surrounded by ribs

A

pleural cavity

86
Q

thoracic cavity

houses esophagus, trachea, thymus

A

mediastinum

87
Q

houses the organs of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

A

peritoneal cavity

88
Q

houses the kidneys, ureters adrenal gland, large portion of pancreas, parts of the large intestine and urinary bladder

A

retroperitoneal cavity

89
Q
  • holds organs in place
  • double folded visceral peritoneum
  • provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach digestive organs
A

mesenteries/mesentery

Anaphy (17 decks)

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