Intro to anaphy

Question 1

investigates the structure of the body

Answer 1

ANATOMY

Question 2

to dissect or cut apart and separate , the parts of the body for study

Answer 2

anatomy

Question 3

2 basic approaches to the study of anatomy

Answer 3

1. systematic anatomy
2. regional anatomy

Question 4

study of the body by systems

Answer 4

systematic anatomy

Question 5

study of the organization of the body by areas

Answer 5

regional anatomy

Question 6

2 general ways to examine internal structures

Answer 6

1. surface anatomy
2. anatomical imaging

Question 7

study of external features or bony projections which serve to locate deeper structures.

Answer 7

surface anatomy

Question 8

involves the use of imaging modalities such as x-rays, ultrasound, CT-scan, MRI, etc.

Answer 8

anatomical imaging

Question 9

deals with the processses or functions of living thing

Answer 9

physiology

Question 10

major goals of physiology (2)

Answer 10

1. understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli
2. understand how the body maintains conditions in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.

Question 11

Structural and functional organization of the human body (6)

Answer 11

1. Chemical level
2. cell level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organism

Question 12

Structural and functional organization of the human body

The structural and functional characteristics of all organisms are determined by their chemical makeup.

Answer 12

chemical level

Question 13

Structural and functional organization of the human body

____ are the basic structural and functional units of organisms such as plants and animals. They contain organelles that carry out particular functions such as digestion, and movement for the cell.

Answer 13

Cell level

Question 14

Structural and functional organization of the human body

_____ is a group of similar cells and the materials that surround them.

Answer 14

tissue level

Question 15

Structural and functional organization of the human body

an ___ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

Answer 15

organ level

Question 16

Structural and functional organization of the human body

An ___ ___ is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions.

Answer 16

organ system

Question 17

Structural and functional organization of the human body

an ___ is any living thing considered as a whole. The human ____ is a network of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another.

Answer 17

organism level

Question 18

Characteristics of life (6)

Answer 18

1. organization
2. metabolism
3. responsiveness
4. growth
5. development
6. reproduction

Question 19

Characteristics of Life

specific interrelationships among the individual parts of an organism, and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

Answer 19

Organization

Question 20

Characteristics of Life

• the ability to use energy to perform other vital functions
• Human cells possess specialized proteins that can break down food molectules to use as a source of energy

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

Characteristics of Life

an organism’s to sense changes in the external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.

Answer 21

responsiveness

Question 22

Characteristics of Life

increase in the size or number of cells, ehich produces an overall enlargement.

Answer 22

growth

Question 23

Characteristics of Life

changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization snd ending at death.

Answer 23

development

Question 24

Characteristics of Life

Development: __________ involves changes in a cell’s structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature. specialized state.

Answer 24

differentiation

Question 25

# Characteristics of Life formation of new cells or new organisms

Answer 25

reproduction

Question 26

maintenance of a relative constant environment within the body.

Answer 26

homeostasis

Question 27

* narrow range of conditions * changes in body conditions ex. temp, volume, chemical content

Answer 27

variables

Question 28

__ mechanisms are mostly governed by nervous and endocrine system

Answer 28

homeostatic mechanisms

Question 29

a change variable is a ___ because it initiates homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 29

stimulus

Question 30

Most sytems of the body are regulated by ________

Answer 30

negative feedback mechanisms

Question 31

* deviation from set point is made smaller or resisted. * reverses the change

Answer 31

negative feedback

Question 32

activation of one component leads to inactivation of another

Answer 32

negative feedback

Question 33

3 components of negative feedback

Answer 33

1. receptor 2. control center 3. effector

Question 34

# 3 components of negative feedback * monitors the value of the variable * detects stimuli

Answer 34

receptor

Question 35

# 3 components of negative feedback establishes the set point around which the variable is maintained.

Answer 35

control center

Question 36

# 3 components of negative feedback can change the value of the variable

Answer 36

effector

Question 37

* activation of one component leads to the activation of another * increases the change

Answer 37

Positive feedback

Question 38

results in deviation from set point

Answer 38

positive feedback

Question 39

# example:

example: you have a cut and it is bleeding, clotting occurs as platelets go to the site and release thrombine which then attracts more platelets.

Answer 39

positive feedback

Question 40

governs homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 40

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 41

a reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and region.

Answer 41

anatomical position

Question 42

# body movements lifting the foot so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is ?

Answer 42

dorsiflexion

Question 43

# body movements movements that take place within the saggital plane ad involve anterior and posterios movements of the body or limbs.

Answer 43

flexion and extension

Question 44

Unilateral vs Bilateral

Answer 44

one side of the body; both sides of the body

Question 45

Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Answer 45

* Ipsilateral reactions are those for which the side of reaction and the side of stimulation are identical. * Contralateral reactions are the opposite; the side of stimulation and the side of reaction are not identical.

Question 46

# body movements lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward

Answer 46

plantar flexion

Question 47

# body movements turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline

Answer 47

inversion

Question 48

# body movements turn the bottom of the foot away from midline

Answer 48

eversion

Question 49

# body movements palm to anterior facing

Answer 49

supination

Question 50

# body movements palm to posterior side

Answer 50

pronation

Question 51

# body movements thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.

Answer 51

opposition

Question 52

# body movements returning the thumb to its anatomical position

Answer 52

reposition

Question 53

# body movements anterior movements of the scapula or mandible

Answer 53

protraction

Question 54

# body movements posterior movements of the scapula or mandible

Answer 54

retraction

Question 55

# body movements downward movement of scapula or mandible

Answer 55

depression

Question 56

# body movements upward movements of scapula or mandible

Answer 56

elevation

Question 57

# body movements limb laterally away from midline

Answer 57

abduction

Question 58

# body movements limb towards the midline

Answer 58

adduction

Question 59

# body movements movement of a body region in a circular manner.

Answer 59

circumduction

Question 60

# body movements anterior surface of the limb toward midline of the body

Answer 60

medial (internal) rotation

Question 61

# body movemements: rotation rotation of the limb so that anterior surface moves away from midline

Answer 61

lateral (external) rotation

Question 62

# body movements movements of the scapula and are defined by the direction of movement of the glenoid cavity

Answer 62

superior and inferior rotation

Question 63

# subdivisions of the abdomen 4 quadrants:

Answer 63

1. right uppper 2. right lower 3. left upper 4. left lower

Question 64

# subdivisions of the abdomen regions (9)

Answer 64

1. right, left hypochondriac region 2. right left lumbar region 3. right, left illiac region 4. epigastric region 5. umbilical region 6. hypogastric region

Question 65

3 planes of the body

Answer 65

1. saggital plane 2. frontal (coronal) plane 3. transverse plane

Question 66

runs vertically from the tom to botom, divides body into left and right portion

Answer 66

sagittal plane

Question 67

sagittal plane runs directly down midline of the body

Answer 67

midsaggital plane or median plane

Question 68

sagittal planes that are uneven (not down the midline)

Answer 68

parasagittal plane

Question 69

* will literally leave you with a front(anterior) and back(posterior) portion

Answer 69

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 70

divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) portion

Answer 70

transverse (horiziontal) plane

Question 71

planes of section through an organ

Answer 71

1. longitudnal 2. transverse 3. oblique

Question 72

a thin double layered membrane that covers the walls and organs of the ventral cavity

Answer 72

serous membranes (serosa)

Question 73

2 layers of the serous membrane

Answer 73

1. parietal 2. visceral

Question 74

lines the walls of the cavities (outside wall)

Answer 74

parietal

Question 75

layer covering the internal organs

Answer 75

visceral

Question 76

function of serous membranes

Answer 76

prevents friction of organs during movement

Question 77

watery substance in serous membranes

Answer 77

serous fluid

Question 78

pericardial cavity

Answer 78

contains the heart

Question 79

membranes that covers the brain and spinal cord in dorsal body cavity

Answer 79

meninges

Question 80

houses the lungs

Answer 80

pleural cavity

Question 81

encloses the organs of the nervous system, brain and spinal chord

Answer 81

dorsal body cavity

Question 82

dorsal body cavity 2 sections

Answer 82

1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral canal

Question 83

* houses the viscera (internal organs) * houses the thoracic cavity andabdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 83

ventral body cavity

Question 84

houses the lungs and heart

Answer 84

thoracic cavity

Question 85

# thoracic cavity contains lungs and surrounded by ribs

Answer 85

pleural cavity

Question 86

# thoracic cavity houses esophagus, trachea, thymus

Answer 86

mediastinum

Question 87

houses the organs of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 87

peritoneal cavity

Question 88

houses the kidneys, ureters adrenal gland, large portion of pancreas, parts of the large intestine and urinary bladder

Answer 88

retroperitoneal cavity

Question 89

* holds organs in place * double folded visceral peritoneum * provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach digestive organs

Answer 89

mesenteries/mesentery