Endocrine System

Question 1

Derived from the Greek words “____” meaning within and “___” meaning to secrete.

Answer 1

endo; krino

Question 2

The endocrine system is composed of ___ and ____ located through out the body

Answer 2

endocrine glands and specialized endorine cells

Question 3

Endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers
called “_” into the bloodstream in order to produce a specific response to target tissues or
effectors.

Answer 3

hormones

Question 4

Hormones circulate through the bloodstream to specific sites called?

Answer 4

target tissues or effectors

Question 5

The main regulatory functions of the endocrine system are the
following: (1-5)

Answer 5

1. Metabolism
2. Control of food intake and digestion
3. Tissue Development
4. Ion Regulation
5. Water Balance

Question 6

The main regulatory functions of the endocrine system are the
following: (6-10)

Answer 6

6. Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
7. Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
8. Control of reproductive functions
9. Uterine contractions and milk release
10. Immune system regulation

Question 7

Derived from the Greek word “hormon” which
means __

Answer 7

to set in motion.

Question 8

2 chemical categories of hormones

Answer 8

1. Lipid- soluble
2. Water-soluble

Question 9

• Non-polar
• Small size and low solubility
  in aqueous fluids.
• Needs a binding protein for
  transport

Answer 9

Lipid-soluble hormones

Question 10

• Diffuses across the cell
  membrane
• Receptor Location: Nucleus
  or cytoplasm
• Ex: Steroid and thyroid
  hormones

Answer 10

Lipid-soluble hormones

Question 11

Polar
* Vary from small to large and
soluble in blood
* Large hormones dissolve directly
into the blood and are delivered
to the target tissue without
attaching to binding protein.
* Small hormones however need
attachment to larger protein to
avoid being filtered out of the
blood.

Answer 11

Water-soluble hormones

Question 12

• Cannot diffuse through cell
  membrane
• Receptor Location: Plasma
  membrane’s outer surface

Answer 12

Water-soluble hormones

Question 13

There are three types of stimuli which regulate
hormone release

Answer 13

1. Humoral
2. Neural
3. Hormonal

Question 14

• Blood-borne chemicals which stimulate release of some hormones are called ___

Answer 14

humoral stimuli

Question 15

Control of Hormone Section:
* When blood levels of certain substances changes, glands release hormones to maintain normal
concentration of substances.

Answer 15

Humoral Stimuli

Question 16

Ex: When blood glucose level is elevated, there is a stimulation of release of insulin secreted by the
pancreas to normalize blood glucose level.

Answer 16

Humoral Stimuli

Question 17

Humoral Stimuli Inhibition of Hormone Release
* A __ exists to oppose those of the secreted hormone and its actions.

Answer 17

companion hormone

Question 18

what is the companion hormone

• Example: To raise blood pressure, the adrenal cortex secretes the hormone aldosterone in response to low blood pressure. However, if blood pressure rises, the atria of the heart releases the hormone atrial
  natriuretic peptide (ANP), which lowers blood
  pressure.

Answer 18

atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 19

what is the humoral stimulus

• Example: To raise blood pressure, the adrenal cortex secretes the hormone aldosterone in response to low blood pressure. However, if blood pressure rises, the atria of the heart releases the hormone atrial
  natriuretic peptide (ANP), which lowers blood
  pressure.

Answer 19

low blood pressure

Question 20

what is the Hormone Secreted Because of the Stimulus:

• Example: To raise blood pressure, the adrenal cortex secretes the hormone aldosterone in response to low blood pressure. However, if blood pressure rises, the atria of the heart releases the hormone atrial
  natriuretic peptide (ANP), which lowers blood
  pressure.

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

Control of Hormone Section:
* Following an action potential, neurons release a
neurotransmitter into the synapse.
* Neurotransmitters will allow stimulation of the gland
to release hormone where it will travel to its target.
* Example: Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
during stressful situations

Answer 21

Neural Stimuli

Question 22

Neural Stimuli Inhibition of Hormone Release
* Neurons inhibit targets just as often as they stimulate
targets.
* If the neurotransmitter is ___, the target
endocrine gland does not secrete its hormone.

Answer 22

inhibitory

Question 23

Control of Hormone Section:
* It occurs when a secreted hormone stimulates the secretion of other hormones.

Answer 23

Hormonal Stimuli

Question 24

Hormonal Stimuli - It occurs when a secreted hormone stimulates the secretion of other hormones. These hormones are
called __

Answer 24

tropic hormones.

Question 25

Ex: The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones.
These releasing hormones stimulate the release of hormone (tropic hormone) from the anterior
pituitary. The tropic hormone travels to the target
endocrine cell and stimulates the release of another
hormone.

Answer 25

Hormonal Stimuli

Question 26

Inhbition of Hormone Release:
* There are hormones that prevents the secretion of other hormones. These hormones are called
__

Answer 26

“inhibiting hormones.”