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Anatomy > Tissue Types > Flashcards

Tissue Types Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

forms barriers
covers exposed body surfaces
lines hollow organs, body cavities, and gland ducts
forms glands

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

links tissues and organs together
provides structural and metabolic support
stores energy
forms immune system

few cells
lots of extracellular matrix

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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

specialized for contraction
generates force
maintains body temperature

elongated cells - contract + generate force

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A

receives, processes, and integrates signals from within the body and from external environment
generates and transmits impulses that control and integrate the various functions of the body

highly asymmetrical cells with long cytoplasmic processes
transmit electrical signals via ionic conduction

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5
Q

characteristics of epithelia

A

continuous
avascular
rest on basal lamina
little extracellular matrix
polarized

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6
Q

simple

A

single layer of cells

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7
Q

stratified

A

2+ layers of cells

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8
Q

squamous

A

flat cells

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9
Q

cuboidal

A

cell height equals width

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10
Q

columnar

A

cells are taller than wide

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

reduces friction, controls vessel permeability, performs absorption and secretion

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12
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium
lines body cavities

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13
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium
lines heart chambers and blood vessels

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14
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

provides limited protection; secretion and/or absorption
found in glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

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15
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

nuclei of cells are aligned
protection, secretion, absorption
lines digestive tract, fallopian tubes, and excretory ducts

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16
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

outermost layer is squamous
provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack
found where mechanical stresses are severe: outer layer of skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

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17
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

2-3 layers of cells
rare - line larger ducts of exocrine glands: sweat + mammary glands
protection, secretion and absorption

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18
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

multiple layers
rare - large excretory ducts: pharynx, urethra, anus (transitional zones)
protection

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19
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

nuclei are not aligned
all cells touch basal lamina but not all reach luminal surface
found in respiratory system + male reproductive tract
protection, secretion

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20
Q

transitional epithelium

A

multiple layers of cells
outermost cells are large and dome-shaped
found in urinary tract: bladder, renal pelvis, ureters
permit expansion and recoil after stretching

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21
Q

glands

A

made of epithelial cells
form by growth of epithelial cells into underlying connective tissue

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22
Q

exocrine glands

A

release secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces
secretory cells remain connected to surface by duct

23
Q

endocrine glands

A

lack ducts
secrete hormones into blood

24
Q

merocrine secretion

A

normal exocytosis
messengers are manufactured in nucleus → sent to cell surface → bind to membrane → release

25
Q

apocrine secretion

A

apical surface is pinched off

26
Q

holocrine secretion

A

entire cell is released
division of cell → mature cell dies and becomes secretory product

27
Q

connective tissue matrix

A

ground substance (hydrated gel) + fibres

28
Q

collagen fibres

A

form bundles that provide tensile strength

29
Q

reticular fibres

A

form branching network that supports cells

30
Q

elastic fibres

A

thin branching fibres that function like rubber bands

31
Q

fibroblasts

A

secrete ground substance and fibres

32
Q

macrophages

A

ingest debris and function in immune response

33
Q

classification of connective tissue

A

density of fibres
types of fibres
preponderance of specific cell type

34
Q

mesenchyme

A

found in developing embryo
remain as stem cells in adult tissue

35
Q

loose connective tissue

A

packing material - fill spaces between organs = cushioning + support
abundance of ground substance or cells
few fibres
areolar, adipose, reticular

36
Q

areolar connective tissue

A

most common, least specialized
links together other tissues and organs
open framework

permits independent movement
phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens

37
Q

adipose connective tissue

A

fat tissue
forms deposits in specific areas of body
padding, insulation, energy storage

38
Q

dense connective tissue

A

abundance of fibers
little ground substance, few cells

39
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

fibres unaligned
forms dermis of skin, organ capsules, sheaths around bones, muscles, and nerves
provides maximal protection - strength to resist force applied from all directions

40
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

fibers aligned in one direction
forms tendons and ligaments
provides firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction between muscles, stabilizes positions of bones

41
Q

membranes

A

epithelium + connective tissue
line surfaces, cavities, and hollow organs

42
Q

mucous membrane

A

lines airway to trap particulates

epithelium - lamina propria (areolar tissue)
epithelium secretes mucous

43
Q

serous membrane

A

delicate lining of pleural cavities
serous fluid = thin + lubricating

transudate - epithelium - areolar tissue

44
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin

epithelium - areolar tissue + dense irregular connective tissue
= epidermis + dermis

45
Q

synovial membrane

A

inside of joint capsule
synovial fluid = sticky → decrease friction

epithelium - areolar tissue (fibroblasts + adipocytes) - joint capsule

46
Q

fluid connective tissue

A

blood + lymph

47
Q

blood

A

blood cells + plasma
plasma forms fluid matrix

48
Q

lymph

A

lymphocytes + lymph fluid
lymph fluid = dilute solution of proteins and excess interstitial fluid

49
Q

supporting connective tissue

A

cartilage + bone
extensive incompressible matrix
support soft tissues of the body

50
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

attaches to bones
striated - pattern of bands
voluntary contraction

long cylindrical multinucleated tubes
distinct cross-banding patterns (2 proteins)
stabilizes + moves articulated skeleton

51
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

associated with viscera
non-striated
involuntary contraction (automatic)

cells are short + spindle-shaped; contain single nucleus
non striated - interact with each other
forms walls of blood vessels + hollow organs
specialized for slow sustained contractions

52
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

heart
striated - pattern of bands
involuntary contraction

short, branched, striated cells with single nuclei
specialized for continuous, rhythmic contraction

53
Q

multipolar neuron

A

one cell body
many dendrites
only one axon

Anatomy (14 decks)

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