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Tissue Types Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

forms barriers
covers exposed body surfaces
lines hollow organs, body cavities, and gland ducts
forms glands

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

links tissues and organs together
provides structural and metabolic support
stores energy
forms immune system

few cells
lots of extracellular matrix

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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

specialized for contraction
generates force
maintains body temperature

elongated cells - contract + generate force

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A

receives, processes, and integrates signals from within the body and from external environment
generates and transmits impulses that control and integrate the various functions of the body

highly asymmetrical cells with long cytoplasmic processes
transmit electrical signals via ionic conduction

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5
Q

characteristics of epithelia

A

continuous
avascular
rest on basal lamina
little extracellular matrix
polarized

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6
Q

simple

A

single layer of cells

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7
Q

stratified

A

2+ layers of cells

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8
Q

squamous

A

flat cells

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9
Q

cuboidal

A

cell height equals width

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10
Q

columnar

A

cells are taller than wide

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

reduces friction, controls vessel permeability, performs absorption and secretion

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12
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium
lines body cavities

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13
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium
lines heart chambers and blood vessels

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14
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

provides limited protection; secretion and/or absorption
found in glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

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15
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

nuclei of cells are aligned
protection, secretion, absorption
lines digestive tract, fallopian tubes, and excretory ducts

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16
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

outermost layer is squamous
provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack
found where mechanical stresses are severe: outer layer of skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

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17
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

2-3 layers of cells
rare - line larger ducts of exocrine glands: sweat + mammary glands
protection, secretion and absorption

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18
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

multiple layers
rare - large excretory ducts: pharynx, urethra, anus (transitional zones)
protection

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19
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

nuclei are not aligned
all cells touch basal lamina but not all reach luminal surface
found in respiratory system + male reproductive tract
protection, secretion

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20
Q

transitional epithelium

A

multiple layers of cells
outermost cells are large and dome-shaped
found in urinary tract: bladder, renal pelvis, ureters
permit expansion and recoil after stretching

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21
Q

glands

A

made of epithelial cells
form by growth of epithelial cells into underlying connective tissue

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22
Q

exocrine glands

A

release secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces
secretory cells remain connected to surface by duct

23
Q

endocrine glands

A

lack ducts
secrete hormones into blood

24
Q

merocrine secretion

A

normal exocytosis
messengers are manufactured in nucleus → sent to cell surface → bind to membrane → release

25
apocrine secretion
apical surface is pinched off
26
holocrine secretion
entire cell is released division of cell → mature cell dies and becomes secretory product
27
connective tissue matrix
ground substance (hydrated gel) + fibres
28
collagen fibres
form bundles that provide tensile strength
29
reticular fibres
form branching network that supports cells
30
elastic fibres
thin branching fibres that function like rubber bands
31
fibroblasts
secrete ground substance and fibres
32
macrophages
ingest debris and function in immune response
33
classification of connective tissue
density of fibres types of fibres preponderance of specific cell type
34
mesenchyme
found in developing embryo remain as stem cells in adult tissue
35
loose connective tissue
packing material - fill spaces between organs = cushioning + support abundance of ground substance or cells few fibres areolar, adipose, reticular
36
areolar connective tissue
most common, least specialized links together other tissues and organs open framework permits independent movement phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens
37
adipose connective tissue
fat tissue forms deposits in specific areas of body padding, insulation, energy storage
38
dense connective tissue
abundance of fibers little ground substance, few cells
39
dense irregular connective tissue
fibres unaligned forms dermis of skin, organ capsules, sheaths around bones, muscles, and nerves provides maximal protection - strength to resist force applied from all directions
40
dense regular connective tissue
fibers aligned in one direction forms tendons and ligaments provides firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction between muscles, stabilizes positions of bones
41
membranes
epithelium + connective tissue line surfaces, cavities, and hollow organs
42
mucous membrane
lines airway to trap particulates epithelium - lamina propria (areolar tissue) epithelium secretes mucous
43
serous membrane
delicate lining of pleural cavities serous fluid = thin + lubricating transudate - epithelium - areolar tissue
44
cutaneous membrane
skin epithelium - areolar tissue + dense irregular connective tissue = epidermis + dermis
45
synovial membrane
inside of joint capsule synovial fluid = sticky → decrease friction epithelium - areolar tissue (fibroblasts + adipocytes) - joint capsule
46
fluid connective tissue
blood + lymph
47
blood
blood cells + plasma plasma forms fluid matrix
48
lymph
lymphocytes + lymph fluid lymph fluid = dilute solution of proteins and excess interstitial fluid
49
supporting connective tissue
cartilage + bone extensive incompressible matrix support soft tissues of the body
50
skeletal muscle tissue
attaches to bones striated - pattern of bands voluntary contraction long cylindrical multinucleated tubes distinct cross-banding patterns (2 proteins) stabilizes + moves articulated skeleton
51
smooth muscle tissue
associated with viscera non-striated involuntary contraction (automatic) cells are short + spindle-shaped; contain single nucleus non striated - interact with each other forms walls of blood vessels + hollow organs specialized for slow sustained contractions
52
cardiac muscle tissue
heart striated - pattern of bands involuntary contraction short, branched, striated cells with single nuclei specialized for continuous, rhythmic contraction
53
multipolar neuron
one cell body many dendrites only one axon

Anatomy (14 decks)

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