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Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

innervation: CN III
attachments: upper eyelid + sphenoid bone
action: elevation of upper eyelid

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2
Q

superior + inferior rectus

A

CN III
attaches to sup + inf part of eyeball
sup: pairs with inf oblique to move eyeball up
inf: pairs with sup oblique to move eyeball down

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3
Q

medial rectus

A

CN III
attaches to eyeball
moves eyeball towards nose (medially)

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4
Q

lateral rectus

A

CN VI
attaches to eyeball
moves eyeball towards ear (laterally)

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5
Q

inferior oblique

A

CN III
pairs with sup rectus to move eyeball up

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6
Q

superior oblique

A

CN IV
pairs with inf rectus to move eyeball down

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7
Q

temporalis

A

fan-shaped muscle on lateral surface of head (near temple)
CN V
att: temporal fossa + mandible (coronoid process)
crosses TMJ
fibres converge towards zygomatic arch
elevation of mandible

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8
Q

masseter

A

side of face
CN V
att: zygomatic arch + mandible (ramus)
fibres descend obliquely
elevation of mandible

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9
Q

medial pterygoid

A

deep to mandible (inferatemporal fossa)
CN V
att: sphenoid bone + mandible (ramus)
elevation of mandible

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10
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

deep to mandible (inferatemporal fossa)
CN V
att: sphenoid bone + mandible (condyle)
depression + lateral movement of mandible

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11
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

sphincter surrounding eye
CN VII
att: skin of eyelid
closes eyelid (centre = blink; outside = forceful close)

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12
Q

orbicularis oris

A

sphincter surrounding mouth + lips
CN VII
att: skin of lips
closes + purses lips

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13
Q

platysma

A

anterior neck
CN VII
att: skin of neck
tenses skin of neck

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14
Q

occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

A

forehead
CN VII
att: skin of forehead
raises eyebrows + wrinkles forehead

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15
Q

buccinator

A

within cheek
CN VII
att: maxilla, mandible + modiolus
tenses cheek, suction

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16
Q

tensor + levator veli palatini

A

CN X
tenses + elevates soft palate during swallowing

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17
Q

pharyngeal constrictors

A

CN X
superior, middle, + inferior constrictor
constriction of pharynx

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18
Q

palatoglossus

A

CN XII
att: soft palate
control position of tongue

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19
Q

styloglossus

A

CN XII
att: styloid process (temporal bone)
control position of tongue

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20
Q

hyoglossus

A

CN XII
att: hyoid bone
control position of tongue

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21
Q

genioglossus

A

CN XII
att: inner chin of mandible
control position of tongue

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22
Q

mylohyoid (suprahyoid)

A

floor of mouth
att: mandible + hyoid bone
tenses floor of mouth during swallowing

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23
Q

digastric (suprahyoid)

A

in neck - splits into 2 bellies
att: temporal bone, mandible + hyoid bone
assists in depression of mandible to open mouth wide

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24
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid,
pull down hyoid bone

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25
sternocleidomastoid
neck (flexor) att: sternum + clavicle + mastoid process turns head to opposite side of contraction (atlanto-axial joint)
26
longus capitis
prevertebral muscle crosses atlanto-occipital joint flexion of neck + head
27
longus colli
prevertebral muscle closer to midline flexion of neck
28
scalene muscles
neck (flexors) att: C2-C6 + ribs 1-2 lateral flexors of neck + elevators of ribs 1-2
29
transversospinal group
attach to transverse + spinous processes of vertebrae delicate adjustments at zygapophyseal joints of vertebrae multifidus semispinalis: - capitis - cervicis - thoracis
30
erector spinae
large bulk of muscle on either side of vertebral column extension, lateral flexion, + rotation of v.colum 3 sections
31
iliocostalis
lateral erector spinae cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
32
longissimus
middle erector spinae capitis, cervicis, thoracis
33
spinalis
medial erector spinae capitis, cervicis, thoracis
34
intercostal muscles
external → elevation of ribs in inhalation internal → depression of ribs in exhalation innermost
35
rectus abdominis
flexors of trunk
36
external oblique
flexion + rotation of trunk
37
internal oblique
flexion + rotation of trunk
38
transversus abdominis
deepest layer important for increasing intra-abdominal pressure
39
diaphragm
divides thorax and abdomen sternal, costal, lumbar parts converge on a central tendon innervated by phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
40
levator ani
pelvic diaphragm supports pelvic organs, resists intra-abdominal pressure
41
coccygeus
back of pelvic diaphragm att: ischial spine + coccyx supports pelvic viscera + resists intra-abdominal pressure
42
external urethral sphincter
att: bladder regulates urethral opening more developed in males
43
external anal sphincter
around anal aperture regulates anal opening
44
ischicavernosus
lateral surrounds erectile tissue
45
bulbospongiosus
medial surrounds erectile tissue
46
trapezius
innervated by CN XI att: vertebral column, occipital bone + scapular spine multiple fibre orientations = multiple actions scapula elevation, retraction, depression
47
levator scapulae
att: cervical vertebrae + vertebral border (scapula) elevator of scapula
48
rhomboids
major + minor att: vertebral column + vertebral border (scapula) retractor of scapula - fibres aligned with spine
49
serratus anterior
att: ribs + vertebral border (scapula) protractor of scapula
50
pectoralis major
cross shoulder joint anteriorly fan-shaped = convergent muscle att: sternum, ribs, clavicle + humerus arm adductor, flexor, + medial rotator
51
deltoideus
multipennate crosses shoulder joint: - anteriorly att: acromion, clavicle arm flexor + medial rotator - laterally att: deltoid tuberosity (humerus) arm abductor - posteriorly att: scapular spine arm extensor + lateral rotator
52
latissimus dorsi
cross shoulder joint anteriorly + inferiorly att: vertebral column + intertubercular groove (humerus) arm retractor, extensor, adductor, + medial rotator
53
subscapularis
cross shoulder joint anteriorly att: subscapular fossa + lesser tubercle (humerus) arm medial rotator part of rotator cuff
54
supraspinatus
cross shoulder joint superiorly att: supraspinous fossa + greater tubercle (humerus) arm abductor part of rotator cuff
55
infraspinatus
cross shoulder joint posteriorly att: infraspinous fossa + greater tubercle (humerus) arm lateral rotator part of rotator cuff
56
teres minor
cross shoulder joint posteriorly att: axial border (scapula) + greater tubercle (humerus) arm lateral rotator part of rotator cuff
57
teres major
cross shoulder joint anteriorly att: scapula (inferior angle) + intertubercular groove (humerus) arm extensor, adductor, + medial rotator synergist - latissimus dorsi
58
rotator cuff
group of muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) that insert over shoulder joint when arm is abducted → rotates so no muscle is anterior = easy to dislocate
59
biceps brachii
cross elbow joint anteriorly (also crosses shoulder joint) att: radial tuberosity + scapula forearm supinator, flexor (when supinated) arm flexor
60
brachialis
cross elbow joint anteriorly att: humerus + coronoid process (ulna) main forearm flexor
61
brachioradialis
cross elbow joint laterally att: humerus + radial styloid process forearm flexor (in mid-pronated position)
62
triceps brachii
3 heads - long + lateral, medial cross elbow joint posteriorly att: olecranon (ulna) + humerus forearm extensor = antagonist
63
flexor carpi radialis
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: medial epicondyle (humerus) + 2nd metacarpal (radial side of hand) hand flexor + abductor superficial
64
palmaris longus
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: medial epicondyle (humerus) weak hand flexor superficial
65
flexor carpi ulnaris
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: medial epicondyle (humerus) + 5th metacarpal, pisiform, hamate (ulnar side of hand) hand flexor + adductor superficial
66
flexor retinaculum
strong fibrous band forming roof of carpal tunnel bridges over carpal bones
67
extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
cross wrist joint posteriorly att: lateral epicondyle (humerus) + metacarpals (2,3) hand extensor + abductor
68
extensor carpi ulnaris
cross wrist joint posteriorly att: lateral epicondyle (humerus) + 5th metacarpal hand extensor + adductor
69
flexor digitorum superficialis
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: medial epicondyle (humerus) + middle phalanges (digits 2, 3, 4, 5) finger flexor
70
flexor digitorum profundus
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: ulna + distal phalanges finger flexor (digits 2,3,4,5)
71
flexor pollicis longus
cross wrist joint anteriorly att: distal phalanx of thumb thumb (pollex) flexor
72
extensor digitorum + extensor digiti minimi
cross wrist joint posteriorly att: lateral epicondyle (humerus) + distal phalanges finger extensors (digits 2,3,4,5) minimi = digit 5
73
extensors + abductor for thumb
cross wrist joint posteriorly att: distal phalanx + base of thumb thumb (pollex) extensor + abductor
74
palmar interossei
3 in between metacarpals (anterior = palm) finger adductors (digits 2,4,5) = bring towards digit 3
75
lumbricals
4 in between metacarpals (anterior = palm) finger extensors (digits 2,3,4,5) small motor units (almost 1:1 → gauge force)
76
dorsal interossei
4 deep in between metacarpals (posterior) finger abductors (digits 2,3,4) middle finger has 2 → move side to side (little finger has own abductor)
77
adductor pollicis
anterior (palm) thumb adductor (thumb to palm)
78
thenar muscles
- flexor pollicis brevis - opponens pollicis - abductor pollicis brevis important for opposition of thumb in palm (anterior)
79
gluteus maximus
cross hip joint posteriorly att: gluteal tuberosity (femur) + sacrum thigh extensor + lateral rotator (powerful extension ex. running/climbing)
80
gluteus medius
cross hip joint laterally att: greater trochanter (femur) + ilium thigh abductor + medial rotator
81
gluteus minimus
cross hip joint laterally att: greater trochanter (femur) + ilium thigh abductor + medial rotator
82
iliopsoas
cross hip joint anteriorly (on top of pubis) att: iliac fossa, T12-L5 + lesser trochanter (femur) thigh flexor + flexes/abducts hip
83
adductor muscle group
magnus, longus, + brevis cross hip joint medially att: linea aspera (femur) + pubis thigh adductor, flexor, and medial rotator
84
quadriceps femoris
3 vasti: vastus lateralis, medialis, + intermedius - femur rectus femoris - hip bone crosses knee joint (via quadricep tendon → patella) att: femur + tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon) leg extensor + thigh flexor (rectus femoris)
85
sartorius
obliquely across anterior thigh crosses hip (laterally) + knee joint (medially) att: hip (ant. sup. iliac spine) + tibia thigh + leg flexor
86
biceps femoris
lateral hamstring - two heads crosses knee joint + hip joint posteriorly att: ischial tuberosity/linea aspera + fibular head leg flexor (knee) + thigh extensor (hip)
87
semitendinosus
middle hamstring - becomes long tendon crosses knee joint + hip joint posteriorly att: ischial tuberosity + tibia leg flexor (knee) + thigh extensor (hip)
88
semimebranosus
medial hamstring - two bellies crosses knee joint + hip joint posteriorly att: ischial tuberosity + tibia leg flexor (knee) + thigh extensor (hip)
89
gastrocnemius
calf - two heads crosses ankle joint posteriorly att: medial + lateral condyle of femur + calcaneus (posterior tubercle) foot plantarflexor
90
soleus
calf crosses ankle joint posteriorly att: tibia, fibula + calcaneus (post. tubercle) foot plantarflexor
91
calcaneal tendon
Achilles tendon crosses ankle joint posteriorly formed by gastrocnemius + soleus
92
tibialis anterior
crosses ankle joint anteriorly att: tibia (lateral condyle) + medial cuneiform (between talus + navicular) foot dorsiflexor + inverter
93
peroneus (fibularis) longus + brevis
crosses ankle joint laterally + posteriorly att: fibula + 5th metatarsal foot plantarflexor + everter
94
toe extensors
anterior leg extensor digitorum longus → digits 2,3,4,5 extensor hallucis longus → big toe (hallux)
95
toe flexors
cross ankle joint posteriorly → sole of foot flexor digitorum longus → digits 2,3,4,5 flexor hallucis longus → big toe (hallux) flexor digitorum brevis → digits 2,3,4,5 (in sole of foot)

Anatomy (14 decks)

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