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PHARM 204 > Tissue Structure and Organization > Flashcards

Tissue Structure and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

what covers exposed surfaces and produces glandular secretions

A

epithelial tissue

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2
Q

what are the 3 things connective tissues do

A

fills, supports, stores energy

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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4
Q

what type of tissue is missing: epithelial, connective, muscle, and __________

A

nervous

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5
Q

cellularity means

A

cells are bound together tightly

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6
Q

what kind of cells are avascular

A

epithelia

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7
Q

4 functions of epithelial cells

A
  1. protect surfaces
  2. control permeability
  3. provide sensation
  4. secrete through gland cells
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8
Q

where are microvilli found on epithelial cells

A

apical end

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9
Q

where are mitochondria found in epithelial cells

A

basolateral region (concentrated)- provide energy for cell’s transport activities

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10
Q

3 factors maintaining the physical integrity of an epithelium

A
  1. intracellular connections
  2. attachment to basement membrane
  3. epithelial maintenance and renewal
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11
Q

what’s lower, the basal lamina or the reticular lamina

A

reticular lamina

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12
Q

what is the basal lamina made of

A

glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and microfilaments

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13
Q

what is the function of the basal lamina

A

restrict movement of large molecules from connective tissue into epithelium

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14
Q

what is the reticular lamina made of

A

course protein fiberes

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15
Q

what is secreted by connective tissue

A

reticular lamina

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16
Q

what is secreted by epithelial cells

A

basal lamina

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17
Q

what is the function of the reticular lamina

A

anchor the BM to the connective tissue

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18
Q

where is simple layering found

A

unexposed areas

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19
Q

what is the advantage of simple layering

A

ease of diffusion of material

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20
Q

where is stratified layering found

A

exposed area

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21
Q

how do cells regenerate

A

from stem cell divison at the basement membrane

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22
Q

3 cell shapes

A

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar- top most layer is used in this description

23
Q

what type of cells are found in the inner lining of cornea and alveoli of lungs

A

simple squamous epithelium

24
Q

what has the function of reducing friction and controlling vessel permeability

A

simple squamous epithelium

25
Q

where are stratified squamous epithelial cells found

A

skin, oral cavity, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina

26
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

27
Q

simple cuboidal cells are found in

A

glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

28
Q

main function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells

A

secretion and absorption

29
Q

where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found

A

lines some ducts- rare

30
Q

what lines the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidney

A

simple columnar epithelium

31
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium are found in the

A

respiratory tract

surface cells possess cilia

32
Q

transitional epithelia are found

A

bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

33
Q

what type of epithelia permits expansion and recoil after stretching

A

transitional epithelium

34
Q

3 types of exocrine glands

A

serous
mucous
mixed

35
Q

what so serous glands secrete

A

watery + enzymes like salivary amylase

36
Q

what do mucous glands secrete

A

glycoproteins called mucins + water = mucous

37
Q

what do mixed exocrine glands secrete

A

both watery enzymes and mucous

38
Q

what releases their secretions onto epithelial surface through apithelial ducts

A

exocrine

39
Q

what releases their secretions (hormones) by exocytosis directly into interstitial fluid surrounding the cell

A

endocrine

40
Q

which one doesn’t have ducts exocrine or endocrine

A

endocrine

41
Q

exocrine celands can have unicellular glands and ___

A

multicellular glands = clusters of gland cells

42
Q

unicellular glands include

A

mucous cells and goblet cells

43
Q

multicellular glands can produce both

A

exocrine or endocrine secretions

44
Q

the simplest multicellular exocrine gland is a

A

secretory sheet

45
Q

which salivary gland is a mixed gland containing cells that produce both serous and mucous secretions

A

submandibular salivary gland

46
Q

duct of simple exocrine gland doesn’t

A

branch

47
Q

glands that end in a bulb are called

A

alveolar (sac) or acinar (chamber)

48
Q

compound glands have ducts that

A

branch repeatedly

49
Q

what are tubuloalveolar or tubuloacinar glands

A

glands with both tubular and alveola structure

50
Q

3 methods of secretion for glandular epithelia

A

eccrine
apocrine
holocrine

51
Q

eccrine secretion

A

product is packaged into secretory vesicles and released through exocytosis

52
Q

what is the most common mode of secretion

A

eccrine

53
Q

what releases the secretory product through shedding of the apical portion of the cell’s cytoplasm which is packed with secretory vesicles

A

apocrine

54
Q

what is holocrine secretion

A

the entire cell becomes packed with secretory products then bursts open. the secretion is released and the cell dies

PHARM 204 (17 decks)

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