Tissue Structure and Organization Flashcards
what covers exposed surfaces and produces glandular secretions
epithelial tissue
what are the 3 things connective tissues do
fills, supports, stores energy
what are the 3 types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
what type of tissue is missing: epithelial, connective, muscle, and __________
nervous
cellularity means
cells are bound together tightly
what kind of cells are avascular
epithelia
4 functions of epithelial cells
- protect surfaces
- control permeability
- provide sensation
- secrete through gland cells
where are microvilli found on epithelial cells
apical end
where are mitochondria found in epithelial cells
basolateral region (concentrated)- provide energy for cell’s transport activities
3 factors maintaining the physical integrity of an epithelium
- intracellular connections
- attachment to basement membrane
- epithelial maintenance and renewal
what’s lower, the basal lamina or the reticular lamina
reticular lamina
what is the basal lamina made of
glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and microfilaments
what is the function of the basal lamina
restrict movement of large molecules from connective tissue into epithelium
what is the reticular lamina made of
course protein fiberes
what is secreted by connective tissue
reticular lamina
what is secreted by epithelial cells
basal lamina
what is the function of the reticular lamina
anchor the BM to the connective tissue
where is simple layering found
unexposed areas
what is the advantage of simple layering
ease of diffusion of material
where is stratified layering found
exposed area
how do cells regenerate
from stem cell divison at the basement membrane
3 cell shapes
squamous, cuboidal, and columnar- top most layer is used in this description
what type of cells are found in the inner lining of cornea and alveoli of lungs
simple squamous epithelium
what has the function of reducing friction and controlling vessel permeability
simple squamous epithelium
where are stratified squamous epithelial cells found
skin, oral cavity, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina
what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium
physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack
simple cuboidal cells are found in
glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
main function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells
secretion and absorption
where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found
lines some ducts- rare
what lines the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidney
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium are found in the
respiratory tract
surface cells possess cilia
transitional epithelia are found
bladder, renal pelvis, ureters
what type of epithelia permits expansion and recoil after stretching
transitional epithelium
3 types of exocrine glands
serous
mucous
mixed
what so serous glands secrete
watery + enzymes like salivary amylase
what do mucous glands secrete
glycoproteins called mucins + water = mucous
what do mixed exocrine glands secrete
both watery enzymes and mucous
what releases their secretions onto epithelial surface through apithelial ducts
exocrine
what releases their secretions (hormones) by exocytosis directly into interstitial fluid surrounding the cell
endocrine
which one doesn’t have ducts exocrine or endocrine
endocrine
exocrine celands can have unicellular glands and ___
multicellular glands = clusters of gland cells
unicellular glands include
mucous cells and goblet cells
multicellular glands can produce both
exocrine or endocrine secretions
the simplest multicellular exocrine gland is a
secretory sheet
which salivary gland is a mixed gland containing cells that produce both serous and mucous secretions
submandibular salivary gland
duct of simple exocrine gland doesn’t
branch
glands that end in a bulb are called
alveolar (sac) or acinar (chamber)
compound glands have ducts that
branch repeatedly
what are tubuloalveolar or tubuloacinar glands
glands with both tubular and alveola structure
3 methods of secretion for glandular epithelia
eccrine
apocrine
holocrine
eccrine secretion
product is packaged into secretory vesicles and released through exocytosis
what is the most common mode of secretion
eccrine
what releases the secretory product through shedding of the apical portion of the cell’s cytoplasm which is packed with secretory vesicles
apocrine
what is holocrine secretion
the entire cell becomes packed with secretory products then bursts open. the secretion is released and the cell dies
