Pain Part 1

Question 1

external environment information is

Answer 1

sensory

Question 2

internal environment information is ____ afferent

Answer 2

visceral

Question 3

4 elementary attributes of stimulus coding

Answer 3

modality
location
intensity
duration

Question 4

sensory information which we are aware

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

understanding of the stimulus

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

modalities of stimuli

Answer 6

mechanical
light
chemical
temperature

Question 7

law of specific nerve energies

Answer 7

a given sensory receptor is specific for each modality

Question 8

chemoreceptors include

Answer 8

taste
smell
pain

Question 9

chemoreceptors detech pain by

Answer 9

chemicals dissolved in ECF

Question 10

what detects acceleration

Answer 10

hair cells- mechanoreceptors

Question 11

sensations from skin, muscles, tendons, joints

Answer 11

somatic sensation

Question 12

temperature uses ___ proteins

Answer 12

transient receptor potential (TRP)

Question 13

direct afferent receptor configuration

Answer 13

stimulus acts directly on sensory receptor, opens ion channel, triggers AP

Question 14

indirect afferent receptor config

Answer 14

stimulus acts on specialized cell, which opens ion channel and triggers an AP
- involves Ca2+ influx

Question 15

sensory unit

Answer 15

one afferent neuron and all of its sensory receptors

Question 16

receptive field

Answer 16

area of the receptive surface of an afferent

Question 17

which receptors are steady pressure

Answer 17

merkel cells

ruffini endings

Question 18

which receptors are tingling/ vibrations

Answer 18

meissner corpuscle

pacinian corpuscle

Question 19

which receptors are rapidly adapting

Answer 19

meissner

pacinian

Question 20

which receptors are slowly adapting

Answer 20

merkel and ruffini

Question 21

change environmental stimuli into electrical signals

Answer 21

transduction

Question 22

frequency of AP and population of activated receptors codes

Answer 22

stimulus intensity

Question 23

somatosensory pathway

Answer 23

first order - synapse in spinal cord - second order - thalamus synapse - third order - cortex

Question 24

modality is coded through

Answer 24

specialized pathways that project to specific cortices

Question 25

location is coded through

Answer 25

specific regions of the brain + size of receptive field

Question 26

where is the best 2 point discrimination found

Answer 26

lips

Question 27

where is the worse 2 point discrimination found

Answer 27

calf

Question 28

TRPs are _____ channels

Answer 28

nonselective cation

Question 29

TRPV1

Answer 29

activated by heat, acids, capsaicin

Question 30

TRPA1

Answer 30

mechanical, cold, chemical

Question 31

TRPM8

Answer 31

responds to menthol- cool receptor

Question 32

acid sensing ion channels are sensitive to _____ and are found on

Answer 32

pH changes

nociceptors