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PHARM 204 > difficult midterm stuff dump > Flashcards

difficult midterm stuff dump Flashcards

1
Q

aware of sensory info

A

sensation

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2
Q

understand sensory info

A

perception

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3
Q

law of specific energies

A

a given sensory receptor is specific for each modality

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4
Q

sensory unit

A

one afferent + all sensory receptors

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5
Q

change in stimuli to electrical conduction

A

transduction

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6
Q

where is the olfactor cortex

A

temporal lobe

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7
Q

nociceptors are part of ______ sensation

somatic or visceral

A

somatic

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8
Q

ASIC

A

acid sensing ion channels

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9
Q

pericardial layers of heart

A

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

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10
Q

serous pericardium layers

A

outer parietal layer
(pericardial space inbetween)
inner visceral layer (endothelium)

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11
Q

layers of heart wall

A

endothelium
myocardium
epithelium

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12
Q

layers of dura

A

periosteal dura
(dural sinuses)
meningeal dura

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13
Q

what type of afferent is the mechanical nociceptor

A

A delta

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14
Q

what type of afferent is the temperature nociceptor

A

A delta

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15
Q

what type of afferent is the polymodal nociceptor

A

C

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16
Q

first pain activates __ afferents that release ___ in the ______ in synapse with 2nd order neurons

A

A delta
glu
dorsal horn

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17
Q

which has smaller receptive fields, fast or slow pain

A

fast

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18
Q

ventrolateral spinothalamic pathway is for what modalities

A

nociception and temperature

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19
Q

ventrolateral spinothalamic pathway

A

synapse in dorsal horn- cross to anterolateral column - ascends in anterolateral column- synapses at thalamus- synapses at primary somatosensory cortex

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20
Q

referred pain is based on

A

convergence projection theory

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21
Q

sub P receptor

A

NK1

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22
Q

what peptides contribute to central sensitization

A

sub P and CGRP

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23
Q

NOS and PGE2 are what kind of agents

A

paracrine

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24
Q

3 effects of sub P and bradykinin on central senstization

A

phosphorylation
Ca2+ release
transcriptional effects

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25
Q

phosphorylation effects on central sensitization

A
  1. AMPA and NMDA more sensitive + time open longer
  2. AMPA let in Ca2+
  3. AMPA insertion
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26
Q

Ca2+ release effects on central sensitization

A
  1. NOS = paracrine = NO = Glu release increase

2. COX2 = PGE2 = paracrine = increased Glu release

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27
Q

transcription effects on central sensitization

A
  1. increased transcription of AMPA receptors

2. increased synthesis of COX2, NK1, and other proanalgesic proteins

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28
Q

disinhibition happens when

A

PGE2 inhibits the inhibitory effects of glycine on projection neuron

29
Q

what is the difference in primary hyperalgesia and allodynia in the periphery

A

primary hyperalgesia = increased sensitivity of nociceptor

peripheral allodynia = decreased inhibition of nociceptors

30
Q

what is the difference in primary hyperalgesia and allodynia in the CNS

A 
hyperalgesia = sensitized nociceptor more responsive to nociceptors
allodynia = sensitized nociceptor activated by inputs from A beta afferents
31
Q

the cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, flagella, and ribosomes are what organelles

A

nonmembraneous

32
Q

4 parts of cell membrane

A

phospholipids
proteins
sterols
glycolipids

33
Q

are glycolipids only found on one side of the PM or both

A

outer only

34
Q

microvilli are MF or MT, what about cilia

A

MF

MT = cilia

35
Q

centrosomes are 2 _____ made of 9 ____ triplets

A

2 centrioles

MT

36
Q

cilia MT are arranged in a ___ array

A

9+2

37
Q

some carrier proteins are called

A

exchange pumps

38
Q

does the cytosol have a high concentration of proteins

A

yes

39
Q

does the cytosol have lots of carbs

A

no

40
Q

4 parts of the cytoskeleton

A

MF
IF
TF
MT

41
Q

MF protein

A

actin

42
Q

TF protein

A

myosin

43
Q

main part of cytoskeleton

A

MT

44
Q

4 types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

45
Q

inner lining of cornea, alveoli of lungs

A

simple squamous

46
Q

what surface epithelial cells possess cilia

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial

47
Q

which one is secretion into ducts

A

exocrine

48
Q

submandibular has what kind of secretions

A

mixed

49
Q

group of cell bodies in CNS sharing a common function

A

center

50
Q

what makes up the BBB

A

astrocytes

51
Q

what forms scar tissue after injury

A

astrocytes

52
Q

internode

A

myelinated nerve axon

53
Q

what kind of channels are TRP

A

nonselective cationic

54
Q

what results in parkinson’s

A

decrease in DA = increase in Glu signalling

55
Q

basement membrane 2 parts

A

basal lamina

reticular lamina

56
Q

what sinus does the falx cerebelli have

A

occipital

57
Q

what is the pia anchord by

A

astrocytes

58
Q

the percardial space is between the 2

A

serous pericardial layers- outer parietal and inner visceral

59
Q

what is a bundle of projection fibers called

A

internal capsule

60
Q

what are the L and R of the thalamus connected by

A

interthalamic adhesion

61
Q

where are 5HT cell bodies found

A

brainstem

62
Q

formation of GABA

A

glutamine - glutamate - GAMA

63
Q

where are neuropeptides made and cleaved

A

made in soma or dendrites

cleaved in terminal

64
Q

enkephalins have a role in

A

pain suppression

65
Q

are epithelia innervated?

A

yes

66
Q

serous gland contains ___ while mucous glands contain _____

A

enzymes (salivary amylase)

glycoproteins (mucins)

67
Q

unicellular glands

A

mucous and goblet cells

68
Q

myogenic meaning

A

contractile activity that originates from heart

PHARM 204 (17 decks)

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