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PHARM 204 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what keeps the blood in motion

A

the heart

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2
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

2 atria

2 ventricles

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3
Q

2 circuits of heart

A

pulmonary

systemic

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4
Q

which ventricle pumps blood to lungs

A

right

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5
Q

what transports blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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6
Q

vessels that interconnect arteries and veins

A

capillaries

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7
Q

what surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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8
Q

2 layers of the pericardium

A 
outer = fibrous pericardium
inner = serous pericardium
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9
Q

inner serous pericardium layers

A

epicardium (visceral layer)

outer parietal layer

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10
Q

space between 2 serious layers

A

pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid

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11
Q

purpose of pericardial fluid

A

lubrication = reduces friction

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12
Q

3 layers of the wall of the heart

A

epicardium = external
myocardium
endocardium = internal, endothelial

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13
Q

what does the myocardium consist of, what does it do

A

cardiac tissue

pumps the heart through rhythmic contraction + relaxation of this layer

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14
Q

ventricle muscles are thicker than atrial and on the left side because

A

left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body

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15
Q

cardiac muscle has a ____ appearance

A

striated

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16
Q

cardiac muscle is dependent on

A

aerobic respiration- lots of mitochondrian and myoglobin

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17
Q

do cardiac muscle cells require CNS information

A

no

18
Q

what connects CMC

A

intercalated discs

19
Q

cells are bound together by

A

desmosomes

20
Q

what locks CMC together during contraction

A

desmosomes

21
Q

what binds the myofibrils of adjacent cells together

A

intercalated discs

22
Q

CNC are connected into a functional syncytium by

A

gap junctions

23
Q

ability to generate own rhythm

A

autorhythmicity

- the heart’s contractile activity is myogenic

24
Q

2 types of autorhythmic cells

A

pacemaker cells

conduction fibers

25
Q

what cells in the heart generate AP

A

pacemaker cells

26
Q

the pacemaker cells of the myocardium are located

A

sinoatrial node = pacemaker of the heart

atrioventricular node

27
Q

where are conduction fibers of the heart found

A

internodal pathways
bundle of HIS
purkinje fibers

28
Q

how to determine which cells set the heart rhythm

A

fastest cells = pacemaker

29
Q

coordination of heart by

A

gap junctions

30
Q

gap junctions and desmosomes are part of the

A

intercalated disc

31
Q

signal from SA to AV by

A

internodal pathway

32
Q

signal spread in atrial muscles by

A

interatrial pathways

33
Q

what transmit impulses to the rest of the myocardial cells

A

purkinje fibers

34
Q

5 phases of electrical activity in the heart (ion permeability)

A

0: increased perm to Na+
1: decreased perm to Na+
2: increased perm to Ca2+, decrease to K+
3: increased perm to K+, decrease Ca2+
4: resting membrane potential

35
Q

5 phases of heart electrical activity

A 
depolarization
brief repolarization
plateau
repolarization
rest
36
Q

impulses from the ___ can modify SA pacemaker activity

A

ANS

37
Q

ANS innervates the

A

SA node
AV node
cardiac cells
smooth muscles of cardiac blood vessels

38
Q

NE from the SNS causes

A

increase in HR and force of contractions by acting on beta adrenoceptors on nodal and contractile cells

39
Q

ACh from the PNS causes

A

decrease in HR and force of contractions

activate muscarinic receptors on nodal and contractile cells

40
Q

what centers in the MO can modify heart rate

A

cardioacceleratory center- sympathetic = increase HR

cardioinhibitory center- parasympathetic = lower HR

41
Q

what conducts from the AV node to the apex of the heart

A

bundle of his or the AV bundle

42
Q

the bundle of his does what going down to the apex

A

branches into L and R bundle branches

PHARM 204 (17 decks)

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