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PHARM 204 > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

steps of synaptic communication

A
  1. AP
  2. Ca2+ ion channels open
  3. Ca2_ entry triggers vesicle docking and secretion
  4. NT release
  5. response on cell
  6. degradation by enzymes, reuptake, or diffusion out of synaptic cleft
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2
Q

most abundant NT in PNS

A

ACh

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3
Q

where is ACh synthesized

A

axon terminal

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4
Q

what is the enzyme that synthesizes ACh

A

choline acetyl transferase (CAT)

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5
Q

what breaks down ACh, where?

A

acetylcholinesterase at synaptic cleft into acetate and choline

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6
Q

what makes ACh

A

acetyl CoA and choline

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7
Q

T or F: there are lots of cholinergic nuclei in the CNS

A

F: relatively few but have widespread projections

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8
Q

what causes alzheimers

A

progressive loss of cholinergic neurons = decrease in ACh signalling

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9
Q

what is myasthenia gravis caused by

A

autoimmune destruction of nAChR at motor endplate = less receptors

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10
Q

treatment for myasthenia gravis

A

AChE inhibitors- prolong time AChE is in the cleft

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11
Q

catecholamines are derived from

A

tyrosine

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12
Q

serotonin is derived from

A

tryptophan

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13
Q

histamine is derived from

A

histidine

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14
Q

what degrades biogenic amines

A

MAO and COMT

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15
Q

how many types of MAO are there

A

2

MAO-A and MAO-B

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16
Q

biogenic amines

A

catecholamines (NE, E, DOPA), histamine, serotonin

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17
Q

what neurons produce DA

A

dopaminergic neurons

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18
Q

are dopaminergic receptors (D1-5) metabotropic or ionotropic

A

metabotropic

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19
Q

loss of DAergic neurons in ____ ____ leads to motor deficits = parkinsons

A

basal ganglia

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20
Q

excess DA results in

A

schizophrenia, hallucinations, paranoia

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21
Q

what is a key NT in reward pathways

A

DA

22
Q

deficits of adrenerguc activity is associated with

A

depression

23
Q

how many types of 5HT receptors are there? are they metabotropic or ion

A

14 types

metabotropic mostly, one ionotropic

24
Q

what takes up 5HT, what breaks down 5HT?

A

SERT

MAO

25
Q

5HT cell bodies are in

A

brainstem

26
Q

SSRIs do what

A

block reuptake of 5HT for treatment of depression

27
Q

what neurons produce Glu

A

glutamatergic neurons

28
Q

what are the 3 ionotropic Glu receptors

A

NMDA, AMDA, kainate

29
Q

are glu receptors ionotropic or metabotropic

A

both

30
Q

AMDA is a channel for what

A

NA

31
Q

NMDA is a channel for

A

Ca2+ with Mg2+ block

32
Q

main excitatory NT in CNS

A

Glu

33
Q

loss of DAergic neurons results in excess activity of ___ pathways

A

glu

= parkinson’s

34
Q

what is the main inhibitory NT in the brain

A

GABA

35
Q

which GABA receptor is metabo, which is iono

A 
GABAb = met
GABAa = ion
36
Q

GABAa is a channel for

A

Cl-

37
Q

what is the main inhibitory NT in brainstem and spinal cord

A

Gly

38
Q

gly receptors are _____ and let in

A

ionotropic

Cl-

39
Q

gly reuptake is done by

A

T1 adn T2

40
Q

what is a coagonist with Glu for the NMDA receptor

A

Gly

41
Q

purines include

A

ATP
adenosine
GTP, AMP, ADP

42
Q

receptors P2X and P2Y are

A

ionotropic

43
Q

endogenous opioids are

A

neuropeptides

44
Q

what do enkephalins do

A

are endogenous opioids that suppress pain

45
Q

where are the neurons for enkaphalins

A

brain and dorsal horn

46
Q

substance P is a

A

neuropeptide

47
Q

substance P plays a role in

A

pain sensation

released by some primary afferents

48
Q

examples of endogenous opioids

A

enkephalins

endorphins

49
Q

is NO stored

A

no

50
Q

endocannabinoid targets

A

CB1 and CB2

51
Q

endocannabinoids are synthesized from

A

membrane phospholipids

52
Q

2 most common endocannabinoids

A

anandamide

2-archidonylglycerol

PHARM 204 (17 decks)

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