Tissue Flashcards
What are four main types of tissues?
Epithelium, muscle, nervous, connective
Function of epithelium
Lines, protects, secretion, absorption, sensory reception, filtration, excretion
What is the function of muscle tissue?
Contraction for movement,
What are the three main types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
Which muscle type is voluntary in, which is involuntary
Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary.
What is the function of smooth muscle contraction?
Help mood food down digestive tract
Is muscle tissue vascular? Is it innervated
Yes, muscle tissue is highly vascular and innervated
Is muscle tissue vascular? Is it innervated
Yes, muscle tissue is highly vascular and innervated
Describe properties of skeletal muscle
Voluntary, Striated, multi- nucleated
Describe properties of skeletal muscle
Voluntary, Striated, multi- nucleated
Describe nervous tissue
Excitable tissue used to send short-term signals throughout the body
How can you differentiate between tissues?
Cell type, characteristics of extracellular, matrix, differences in space taken by cells versus matrix
Describe properties of cardiac muscle
Involuntary, one nucleus, intercalated discs, and found in the heart
Describe properties of smooth muscle
Involuntary, non-striated, one nucleus, and found in hollow organs in blood vessels
Describe properties of nervous tissue
Used for communication, nerve cells found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are the four main classes of connective tissue?
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood
What three elements make up connective tissue
Ground substance, fibers, cellular components
What is the function of collagen?
Gives tensile strength
What is the function of elastin?
Stretch and recoil like a rubber band
What is the function of reticular fibers?
Use its branches to provide strength in many directions
What are the fibers of connective tissue?
Collagen, elastin, reticular fibers
What are the fibers of connective tissue?
Collagen, elastin, reticular fibers
Connective tissue fiber that forms a triple helix, and is the most abundant of all fibers
Collagen
What are proteoglycans and what is their function
A protein plus a sugar that traps water and varying amounts affecting the viscosity of the extracellular matrix (ground substance)
What is the ground substance?
Also called the extra cellular matrix, it is the unstructured material that fill space between cells
What are some characteristics of connective tissue that all have
Must have a Mesenchyme, varying degrees of vascularity and have an extra cellular matrix that is made up of ground substance plus any of the three fibers
What are “blast cells”
Cells that secrete ground substance and fibers
Describe where you can find fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells
Fibroblasts- produce fiber and ground substance and always found in connective tissue
Chondroblasts- found in cartilage
Osteoblasts- found in bone
hematopoietic stem cells- synthesizing blood in bone marrow
What are plasma cells?
They synthesize antibodies
What is the function of mast cells?
Initiate inflammatory response
What are adipocytes and what is their function?
Fat cells in adipose tissue and they store glycerides
What is a Mesenchymal cell?
And undecided, stem cell with the ability to turn into a bunch of different cells
What are the four types of macro membranes?
Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane and synovial membrane
What is the function and location of the Mucous membrane?
LINES things exposed to the outside world/open to exterior. PROTECT stomach from acids, protect lungs from harmful air, PRODUCE mucous to reduce friction
Can be found in the respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system
And detailed describe how the Mucous membrane performs its function.
Uses ciliated pseudostratified epithelium to produce mucous and keep things moving in the digestive tract so nothing gets stuck
What is the function of the Serous membrane and where can it be found?
Found around organs and functions to protect organs and hold them in place
What is a parietal layer?
The outside layer of the Serous membrane that lines the organ cavity space
What is the visceral layer?
The internal layer of the Serous membrane That covers the internal organs
What is Serous fluid (Transudate)
The fluid between the visceral and parietal layer of the Serous membrane that works to reduce friction
What is every macro membrane composed of?
At least two primary tissue types.
And epithelial part bound to connective tissue.
What epithelial and connective tissue combination make up the Mucous membrane
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and lamina propria
Where is the endothelium located?
Lining blood vessels and the heart
Where is the endothelium located?
Lining blood vessels and the heart
What are the two ways tissues can repair?
Regeneration and fibrosis
What are the two types of tissue repair?
Regeneration and fibrosis
What are the two types of tissue repair?
Regeneration and fibrosis
Describe how tissue gets repaired by generation
Destroyed tissue gets replaced with the same tissue. Original function is restored.
Describe how tissues get repaired by fibrosis
Connective tissue replaces the destroy tissue. Original function is lost.
What are the two main types of epithelial tissue and what are their functions?
Covering and lining epithelia- covers external and internal surfaces
Gladular epithelia- secretory tissue in glands
How does epithelial tissue get its nutrients?
Epithelial tissue is a vascular so it doesn’t get direct blood supply, oxygen and nutrients diffuse up into the epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue
What is the apical surface?
The upper surface up epithelial tissue.
It’s exposed to the environment or internal body cavity (lumen)
What is the lumen?
Inside space of a tube structure or organ
Describe what the basal surface is
A thin layer of collagen and adhesive proteins that sit on the basement membrane and anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.
Describe characteristics of simple squamous epithelium
Flat thin cells, whose function is absorption and secretion, and can be found in blood vessels and the alveoli (tiny air sacs in lungs)
Describe function of simple cuboidal epithelium and where they can be found
Cube like cells, who function is absorption and secretion, and could be found in glands like the thyroid and kidney tubules.
Describe simple columnar epithelium
Tall Column shaped cells with goblets. Functions are absorption and secretion of mucous
Are simple epithelium lining epithelium or gladular epithelium?
Gladular.
Due to only having one layer, nutrients and other stuff can be absorbed and secreated in and out of the cell
Describe the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelial and where it could be found.
Appear stacked, but only has one layer. Has goblet cells and cilia. Function is protection by secreting mucus so things don’t get stuck in upper respiratory tract. Found in the trachea and bronchioles but not in the lungs
What is the function of stratified epithelia?
This is your skin and the function is to protect
Name the three kinds of stratified epithelia
Keratinized epithelium, non-keratinized epithelium transitional epithelium
What is the function of keratin?
A waterproofing protein that stops water from coming in or leaving. It’s found in fingernails and hair.
Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Multi layered. SURFACE HAS DEAD SQUAMOUS CELLS packed with keratin found an epidermis of SKIN. protects against microorganisms decreases water movement due to keratin.
Describe non-care denies stratified squamous epithelium
Multi layered. NO DEAD CELL LAYER. Protection, abrasion resistant, moist, slippery layer. Found in the tongue, mouth, esophagus, vagina.
Describe transitional epithelium
Found in the bladder, ureters and urinary tract. Allow for STRETCHING from many layers to few layers depending on if bladder is full/ empty
Explain extracellular matrix
Made of ground substance (fluid component) and any three fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular fibers)
Primary location of simple squamous epithelium and function
Alveoli (air sacks in lungs), capillary blood vessels
Diffusion (absorption & secretion)
Give the primary function and location of simple cubodial epithelium
Kidney tubules,
Primary function is diffusion (absorption/ secretion)
Explain the primary location and function of Simple columnar epithelium
Lining of digestive system
Diffusion (absorption & secretion)
Name the 3 cellular extensions
Cilia, microvilli, flagella
What cellular extension does simple columnar epithelia have and what function does it play.
Microvilli
Increases the surface area for the lining of the stomach to increase the amount of nutrients the body can absorb.
Provide the primary location and function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi)
Primary function= Protection from pathogens and anything you bring in
What cellular extension is used in pseudostratified columnar epithelium and what is its function
Cilia
Used to move mucous through respiratory tract
Primary location and function of stratified squamous epithelium
Only found in skin
Protection
Primary location and function of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Mouth, tongue, vagina
Primary function protection
Primary location and function of transitional epithelium
Bladder/ urinary tract
Ability to stretch and change as bladder feels with urine.
Primary location and function of areolar connective tissue
Primarily found under epithelial tissue
Function supporting epithelial tissue
Provide the primary location and function of adipose connective tissue
Found in and around organ, under skin, everywhere
Functions to insulate, protect, and as a fuel reserve
Provide the primary function and location of reticular connective tissue
Support lymphoid organs
lymph node, spleen
Made of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
Explain dense regular connective tissue
Dense= little to 0 extracellular matrix
Mostly made of collagen
Location- tendons and ligaments
Function- support connection between bones to bones and muscle to bones
Explain the primary location and function of dense, irregular, connective tissue
Location: dermis
Function: support by providing strength and all directions
Irregular collagen arrangement provides strength and all directions
