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Anatomy (BIO 201) > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What are four main types of tissues?

A

Epithelium, muscle, nervous, connective

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2
Q

Function of epithelium

A

Lines, protects, secretion, absorption, sensory reception, filtration, excretion

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3
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Contraction for movement,

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4
Q

What are the three main types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

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5
Q

Which muscle type is voluntary in, which is involuntary

A

Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary.

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6
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle contraction?

A

Help mood food down digestive tract

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7
Q

Is muscle tissue vascular? Is it innervated

A

Yes, muscle tissue is highly vascular and innervated

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8
Q

Is muscle tissue vascular? Is it innervated

A

Yes, muscle tissue is highly vascular and innervated

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9
Q

Describe properties of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary, Striated, multi- nucleated

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10
Q

Describe properties of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary, Striated, multi- nucleated

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11
Q

Describe nervous tissue

A

Excitable tissue used to send short-term signals throughout the body

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12
Q

How can you differentiate between tissues?

A

Cell type, characteristics of extracellular, matrix, differences in space taken by cells versus matrix

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13
Q

Describe properties of cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, one nucleus, intercalated discs, and found in the heart

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14
Q

Describe properties of smooth muscle

A

Involuntary, non-striated, one nucleus, and found in hollow organs in blood vessels

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15
Q

Describe properties of nervous tissue

A

Used for communication, nerve cells found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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16
Q

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

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17
Q

What three elements make up connective tissue

A

Ground substance, fibers, cellular components

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18
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

Gives tensile strength

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19
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

Stretch and recoil like a rubber band

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20
Q

What is the function of reticular fibers?

A

Use its branches to provide strength in many directions

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21
Q

What are the fibers of connective tissue?

A

Collagen, elastin, reticular fibers

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22
Q

What are the fibers of connective tissue?

A

Collagen, elastin, reticular fibers

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23
Q

Connective tissue fiber that forms a triple helix, and is the most abundant of all fibers

A

Collagen

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24
Q

What are proteoglycans and what is their function

A

A protein plus a sugar that traps water and varying amounts affecting the viscosity of the extracellular matrix (ground substance)

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25
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Also called the extra cellular matrix, it is the unstructured material that fill space between cells

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26
Q

What are some characteristics of connective tissue that all have

A

Must have a Mesenchyme, varying degrees of vascularity and have an extra cellular matrix that is made up of ground substance plus any of the three fibers

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27
Q

What are “blast cells”

A

Cells that secrete ground substance and fibers

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28
Q

Describe where you can find fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells

A

Fibroblasts- produce fiber and ground substance and always found in connective tissue
Chondroblasts- found in cartilage
Osteoblasts- found in bone
hematopoietic stem cells- synthesizing blood in bone marrow

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29
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

They synthesize antibodies

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30
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

Initiate inflammatory response

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31
Q

What are adipocytes and what is their function?

A

Fat cells in adipose tissue and they store glycerides

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32
Q

What is a Mesenchymal cell?

A

And undecided, stem cell with the ability to turn into a bunch of different cells

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33
Q

What are the four types of macro membranes?

A

Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane and synovial membrane

34
Q

What is the function and location of the Mucous membrane?

A

LINES things exposed to the outside world/open to exterior. PROTECT stomach from acids, protect lungs from harmful air, PRODUCE mucous to reduce friction

Can be found in the respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system

35
Q

And detailed describe how the Mucous membrane performs its function.

A

Uses ciliated pseudostratified epithelium to produce mucous and keep things moving in the digestive tract so nothing gets stuck

36
Q

What is the function of the Serous membrane and where can it be found?

A

Found around organs and functions to protect organs and hold them in place

37
Q

What is a parietal layer?

A

The outside layer of the Serous membrane that lines the organ cavity space

38
Q

What is the visceral layer?

A

The internal layer of the Serous membrane That covers the internal organs

39
Q

What is Serous fluid (Transudate)

A

The fluid between the visceral and parietal layer of the Serous membrane that works to reduce friction

40
Q

What is every macro membrane composed of?

A

At least two primary tissue types.
And epithelial part bound to connective tissue.

41
Q

What epithelial and connective tissue combination make up the Mucous membrane

A

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and lamina propria

42
Q

Where is the endothelium located?

A

Lining blood vessels and the heart

43
Q

Where is the endothelium located?

A

Lining blood vessels and the heart

44
Q

What are the two ways tissues can repair?

A

Regeneration and fibrosis

45
Q

What are the two types of tissue repair?

A

Regeneration and fibrosis

46
Q

What are the two types of tissue repair?

A

Regeneration and fibrosis

47
Q

Describe how tissue gets repaired by generation

A

Destroyed tissue gets replaced with the same tissue. Original function is restored.

48
Q

Describe how tissues get repaired by fibrosis

A

Connective tissue replaces the destroy tissue. Original function is lost.

49
Q

What are the two main types of epithelial tissue and what are their functions?

A

Covering and lining epithelia- covers external and internal surfaces

Gladular epithelia- secretory tissue in glands

50
Q

How does epithelial tissue get its nutrients?

A

Epithelial tissue is a vascular so it doesn’t get direct blood supply, oxygen and nutrients diffuse up into the epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue

51
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

The upper surface up epithelial tissue.
It’s exposed to the environment or internal body cavity (lumen)

52
Q

What is the lumen?

A

Inside space of a tube structure or organ

53
Q

Describe what the basal surface is

A

A thin layer of collagen and adhesive proteins that sit on the basement membrane and anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

54
Q

Describe characteristics of simple squamous epithelium

A

Flat thin cells, whose function is absorption and secretion, and can be found in blood vessels and the alveoli (tiny air sacs in lungs)

55
Q

Describe function of simple cuboidal epithelium and where they can be found

A

Cube like cells, who function is absorption and secretion, and could be found in glands like the thyroid and kidney tubules.

56
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium

A

Tall Column shaped cells with goblets. Functions are absorption and secretion of mucous

57
Q

Are simple epithelium lining epithelium or gladular epithelium?

A

Gladular.
Due to only having one layer, nutrients and other stuff can be absorbed and secreated in and out of the cell

58
Q

Describe the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelial and where it could be found.

A

Appear stacked, but only has one layer. Has goblet cells and cilia. Function is protection by secreting mucus so things don’t get stuck in upper respiratory tract. Found in the trachea and bronchioles but not in the lungs

59
Q

What is the function of stratified epithelia?

A

This is your skin and the function is to protect

60
Q

Name the three kinds of stratified epithelia

A

Keratinized epithelium, non-keratinized epithelium transitional epithelium

61
Q

What is the function of keratin?

A

A waterproofing protein that stops water from coming in or leaving. It’s found in fingernails and hair.

62
Q

Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Multi layered. SURFACE HAS DEAD SQUAMOUS CELLS packed with keratin found an epidermis of SKIN. protects against microorganisms decreases water movement due to keratin.

63
Q

Describe non-care denies stratified squamous epithelium

A

Multi layered. NO DEAD CELL LAYER. Protection, abrasion resistant, moist, slippery layer. Found in the tongue, mouth, esophagus, vagina.

64
Q

Describe transitional epithelium

A

Found in the bladder, ureters and urinary tract. Allow for STRETCHING from many layers to few layers depending on if bladder is full/ empty

65
Q

Explain extracellular matrix

A

Made of ground substance (fluid component) and any three fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular fibers)

66
Q

Primary location of simple squamous epithelium and function

A

Alveoli (air sacks in lungs), capillary blood vessels
Diffusion (absorption & secretion)

67
Q

Give the primary function and location of simple cubodial epithelium

A

Kidney tubules,
Primary function is diffusion (absorption/ secretion)

68
Q

Explain the primary location and function of Simple columnar epithelium

A

Lining of digestive system
Diffusion (absorption & secretion)

69
Q

Name the 3 cellular extensions

A

Cilia, microvilli, flagella

70
Q

What cellular extension does simple columnar epithelia have and what function does it play.

A

Microvilli
Increases the surface area for the lining of the stomach to increase the amount of nutrients the body can absorb.

71
Q

Provide the primary location and function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi)
Primary function= Protection from pathogens and anything you bring in

72
Q

What cellular extension is used in pseudostratified columnar epithelium and what is its function

A

Cilia
Used to move mucous through respiratory tract

73
Q

Primary location and function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Only found in skin
Protection

74
Q

Primary location and function of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Mouth, tongue, vagina
Primary function protection

75
Q

Primary location and function of transitional epithelium

A

Bladder/ urinary tract
Ability to stretch and change as bladder feels with urine.

76
Q

Primary location and function of areolar connective tissue

A

Primarily found under epithelial tissue
Function supporting epithelial tissue

77
Q

Provide the primary location and function of adipose connective tissue

A

Found in and around organ, under skin, everywhere
Functions to insulate, protect, and as a fuel reserve

78
Q

Provide the primary function and location of reticular connective tissue

A

Support lymphoid organs

lymph node, spleen

Made of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

79
Q

Explain dense regular connective tissue

A

Dense= little to 0 extracellular matrix
Mostly made of collagen
Location- tendons and ligaments
Function- support connection between bones to bones and muscle to bones

80
Q

Explain the primary location and function of dense, irregular, connective tissue

A

Location: dermis
Function: support by providing strength and all directions

Irregular collagen arrangement provides strength and all directions

Anatomy (BIO 201) (16 decks)

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