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Anatomy (BIO 201) > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is arthrology?

A

Study of joints

Arthrology is the study of joints.

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2
Q

What is synarthrosis?

A

No movement (very stable)

Synarthrosis joints allow no movement and are very stable.

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3
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

Uses connective tissue between joints

Fibrous joints use connective tissue between the bones.

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4
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A

Uses cartilage to connect bones

Cartilaginous joints use cartilage between the bones.

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5
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Freely movable (diarthrosis)

Synovial joints allow for free movement and are classified as diarthrosis.

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6
Q

What is a suture joint?

A

Joint that binds bones of skull,

Synarthrosis (doesn’t allow movement)

in middle age ossify and fuse to solid bone

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7
Q

Define amphiarthrosis

A

A joint that is slightly movable

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8
Q

Define diarthrosis

A

A joint that is able to move freely

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9
Q

How are joints classified?

A

By function and structure

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10
Q

What are the three structural types of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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11
Q

What is a fibrous joint. And what are the different kids

A

A joint that binds bones using collagen.
Doesn’t have a joint capsule

Suture joint, gomphoses joint, syndesmoses joint

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of syndesmoses joints

A

Amphiarthrosis (allow slight movement)

Uses LIGAMENTS to bind bones to other bones

Location: Radius/ ulna and Tibia/Fibula

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13
Q

Describe Gomphoses joints

A

Synarthrosis (don’t allow movement
Bones bond by a ligament
Found in teeth being held in alveolar socket (PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT)
“Peg in socket” joint

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14
Q

Explain cartilaginous joints

A

Bones united by cartilage
2 kinds synchondrosis and symphsis.
No joint capsule present

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15
Q

Explain Synchondrosis joints

A

Part of cartilaginous joints
Synarthrotic (doesn’t allow movement)
Bones untiled by HYALINE cartilage
Location: 1st rib attachment to sternum, and at the epiphyseal plate (binding ephysis to diaphysis)

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16
Q

Explain symphyses joints (symphysis joints)

A

Part of cartilaginous joints
Amphiarthrotic (allows slight movement)
Bones united by FIBROCARTILAGE
Location: intervertebral joints, Pubic Symphysis

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17
Q

What are the 2 kinds of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis and symphyses

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18
Q

What are synovial joints

A

Bones separated by fluid filled joint cavities.
Diarthrotic (freely moving)

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19
Q

What is a joint cavity/ joint capsule? And where are they found?

A

Small synovial fluid filled sacks found at synovial joints.

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20
Q

Where can you find synovial joints?

A

Almost all limb joints

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21
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage that covers the ends of long bones

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22
Q

What is the articular capsul? What is its function

A

A 2 layer capsul that holds synovial joints together and produces synovial fluid

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23
Q

What are the two layers of the articular capsule?

A

External fibrous layer- dense irregular connective tissue provides strength and durability for joint

Inner synovial membrane- loose connective tissue that produces synovial fluid

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24
Q

How do nutrients get to the synovial joint. How does nutrients get into our articular cartilage?

A

Veins and arteries connect the the synovial membrane where nutrients can diffuse into the synovial fluid. From there we the joint moves the articular cartilage acts as a sponge absorbing nutrients and removing waste products.

25
Q

What is synovial fluid? And what’s its function?

A

Viscous slippery fluid found inside synovial joints

Functions to lubricate, and waste/ nutrient exchange for articular cartilage

26
Q

What gives synovial fluid its characteristic?

A

Albumin, proteoglycans (hold and trap water), hyaluronic acid (increase viscosity of fluid.

27
Q

What is a ligament and what is the function?

A

Fibrous connective tissue that Connects bones to bones
Limit range of motion.

28
Q

What is a menisci and where is it found?

A

Fibrocartilage found in knee & temporal mandible joint.
Improves fit of knee bones, stabilize joint, shock absorption,

29
Q

What is a bursae? Function? Location?

A

Synovial fluid filled sacks that provide lubrication for synovial joints.

Located in between ligaments, muscle, tendons, skin and bones where they rub together

30
Q

What are tendon sheaths? Function? Location?

A

Tubular bursa that wraps around tendons and holds them together.
Found wherever tendon is subject to pressure or friction on 2 or more surfaces (carpal tunnel)

31
Q

What are fatty pads of synovial joints? Location function?

A

Adipose tissue cushion between the fibrous outer layer of capsul and synovial membrane or bone.
Increase support for joint

32
Q

What is a tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone

33
Q

Name the 4 range of motions allowed by synovial joints (ROM)

A

Nonaxial

Uniaxial

Biaxial

Multiaxial

34
Q

What are the 3 general Types of movements allowed by synovial joints

A

Gliding movements

Angular movements

Rotational movements

35
Q

What is non-axial movement

A

Slipping movement

36
Q

What is uniaxial movement

A

Movement in one plane

37
Q

What does biaxial movement?

A

Movement in 2 planes

38
Q

What is multiaxial movement?

A

Movement in or around all 3 planes

39
Q

Explain flexion/ extension. What is the range of motion? And given an example

A

Uniaxial movement
Ex: elbow or knee
Flexion: decrease angle between joint
Extension: decrease angle between joint

40
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Extension past anatomical position or normal extension

41
Q

Explain abduction/adduction. What is the range of motion? And given an example

A

Uniaxial
Ex: raising/lower arms
Abduction : movement away from midline
Adduction movement towards midline

42
Q

Explain circumduction. What is the range of motion? And given an example

A

Multiaxial at shoulder
Draw base of cone in space

43
Q

Explain lateral (external)/ medial (Internal) rotation. What is the range of motion? And given an example

A

Uniaxial
Lateral (External) Rotation: rotation away from midline
Medial (internal) Rotation: rotation toward midline

44
Q

Explain Supination/ Pronation. What is the range of motion? And given an example

A

Specific to forearms
Supination: palms facing interior or superior
Pronation: palms facing posterior

45
Q

Explain Elevation/ Depression? And given an example

A

Used to describe the jaw movement
Elevation: bite down- mandible is elevated
Depression : opening mouth- mandible is depressing (down)

46
Q

Explain Protraction/ Retraction? And given an example

A

Example is jaw in over/ under bite

Protraction: joint moves anterior and transverse plane
Retraction : joint moves, posteriorly, and transverse plane

47
Q

Explain opposition. And given an example

A

Ability to touch thumb to pinky

48
Q

Explain Inversion/ Eversion? And given an example

A

Specific to the foot and describes the location of the ball of the foot

Inversion : ball of foot inwards
Eversion: ball of foot outwards

49
Q

Explain dorsiflexion/ Plantarflexion? And given an example

A

Specific to the foot
Dorsiflexion: toes toward sky (dorsal side of foot)
Plantar flexion: toes toward floor (plantar side of foot)

50
Q

What are the types of synovial joints

A

Prince Charles Stole His Game Ball

Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Hinge
Gliding
Ball and socket

51
Q

Explain gliding joints (Plane joints) with location function, example, and freedom of movement

A

Bones slide over each other (flat bones)
Flat articular surfaces
Amphiarthrotic (slight movement)
Ex: carpals and tarsels; acromioclavicular joint

52
Q

Explain gliding joints (Plane joints) with location function, example, and freedom of movement

A

Bones slide over each other (flat bones)
Flat articular surfaces
Amphiarthrotic (slight movement)
Ex: carpals and tarsels

53
Q

Explain Hinge joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

Bone with convex surface fits into concave depression of other bone.
Uniaxial
Flexion and extension only
Ex: elbow and knee

54
Q

Explain Pivot joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

One bone has projection that fits into ring like ligament of another

Uniaxial
Medial/lateral rotation only
Ex: Atlantoaxial joint, C1-C2

55
Q

Explain Condyloid (Ellipsoid) joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

Convex surface of one bone fits into concave depression of the other bone

Biaxial
flexion/extension, abduction/addiction
Ex: metacarpal phalangeal joint

56
Q

Explain Saddle joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

Articular surface shaped like saddle, concave in both directions.

Biaxial
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction
Metacarpo carpal joint

57
Q

Explain Ball and Socket joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

Roundhead fits within cuplike depression. (Least stable= most mobility)

Multi axial
Ex: hip, shoulder
All movements and rotations

58
Q

Explain Ball and Socket joints with location function, example, and freedom of movement. And rang of motion (Uniaxial, biaxial…)

A

Roundhead fits within cuplike depression. (Least stable= most mobility)

Multi axial
Ex: hip, shoulder
All movements and rotations

Anatomy (BIO 201) (16 decks)

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