Cartilage And Skeletal Tissue Flashcards
Name the cartilage
Name this type of cartilage
Differentiate between periosteum and perichondrium
They both surround the outside of something.
Periosteum surrounds the outside of bones
Perichondrium surrounds outside of cartilage
What do osteocytes do? And what are they?
Trapped osteoblasts in lacunae
Signal ostcoclasts & osteoblasts about mechanical
Maintain matrix
What is the role of osteoblasts?
Bone building cells
Form and mineralize matrix
What is a osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cell?
Stem cells of bones
Turn into osteoblasts
Respond to stress fractures
Describe the function and purpose of Osteoclasts.
Breakdown bone for calcium and bone homeostasis
What are the three extra cellular substances to make up bone
Calcium phosphate
Hydroxyapatite crystals (makes bone hard)
Collagen
What is the ratio of organic to inorganic matter that makes up the extracellular matrix in bone
1/3 organic (collagen) & 2/3 inorganic (hydroxyapatite crystals)
Which image shows what would happen to bone without hydroxyapatite crystals or with to much collagen and not enough hydroxyapatite?
Bones become soft
Which image shows what would happen to bones without collagen, or with to much hydroxyapatite and not enough collagen?
Bones become brittle and to hard
Point where the haversian canal is vs the volkmanns canal
Volkmanns canals are perpendicular to Haversian canals.
Haversian canals run through the center of the Osteon
Identify where the Epiphyseal growth plate is located and identify which is the adult vs child hand
Tuberosity
Large, rounded projection; may be roughened
Example: The deltoid tuberosity on the humerus.
Crest
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
Example: The iliac crest of the pelvis.
Trochanter
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
Example: The greater trochanter of the femur.
Line
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
Tubercle
Small, rounded projection or process
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
Spine
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Process
Any bony prominence
What are these bone markings associated with
Sites of muscle and ligament attachments
Head
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
Example: The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
Facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Example: Facets on the vertebrae articulate with adjacent vertebrae.
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
Example: The condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.
Ramus
Armlike bar of bone
Example: The ramus of the mandible provides attachment for muscles involved in chewing.
Meatus
Canal-like passageway
Example: The external acoustic meatus transmits sound waves to the eardrum.
Sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Example: The frontal sinus is located in the frontal bone above the eyes.
Fossa
Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Example: The olecranon fossa of the humerus accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension.
Groove
Furrow
Example: The intertubercular groove of the humerus guides the biceps tendon.
Fissure
Narrow, slitlike opening
Example: The superior orbital fissure allows passage of cranial nerves and blood vessels.
Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
Example: The foramen magnum allows the spinal cord to pass through the skull.
What is the function of these projections?
Help form joints
What is the function of these depressions and openings?
Allow for blood vessel and nerves to pass
