Cartilage And Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Name the cartilage

Answer 1

Question 2

Name this type of cartilage

Answer 2

Question 3

Differentiate between periosteum and perichondrium

Answer 3

They both surround the outside of something.
Periosteum surrounds the outside of bones
Perichondrium surrounds outside of cartilage

Question 4

What do osteocytes do? And what are they?

Answer 4

Trapped osteoblasts in lacunae

Signal ostcoclasts & osteoblasts about mechanical

Maintain matrix

Question 5

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Answer 5

Bone building cells
Form and mineralize matrix

Question 6

What is a osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cell?

Answer 6

Stem cells of bones
Turn into osteoblasts
Respond to stress fractures

Question 7

Describe the function and purpose of Osteoclasts.

Answer 7

Breakdown bone for calcium and bone homeostasis

Question 8

What are the three extra cellular substances to make up bone

Answer 8

Calcium phosphate
Hydroxyapatite crystals (makes bone hard)
Collagen

Question 9

What is the ratio of organic to inorganic matter that makes up the extracellular matrix in bone

Answer 9

1/3 organic (collagen) & 2/3 inorganic (hydroxyapatite crystals)

Question 10

Which image shows what would happen to bone without hydroxyapatite crystals or with to much collagen and not enough hydroxyapatite?

Answer 10

Bones become soft

Question 11

Which image shows what would happen to bones without collagen, or with to much hydroxyapatite and not enough collagen?

Answer 11

Bones become brittle and to hard

Question 12

Point where the haversian canal is vs the volkmanns canal

Answer 12

Volkmanns canals are perpendicular to Haversian canals.
Haversian canals run through the center of the Osteon

Question 13

Identify where the Epiphyseal growth plate is located and identify which is the adult vs child hand

Answer 13

Question 14

Tuberosity

Answer 14

Large, rounded projection; may be roughened

Example: The deltoid tuberosity on the humerus.

Question 15

Crest

Answer 15

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Example: The iliac crest of the pelvis.

Question 16

Trochanter

Answer 16

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Example: The greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 17

Line

Answer 17

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Question 18

Tubercle

Answer 18

Small, rounded projection or process

Question 19

Epicondyle

Answer 19

Raised area on or above a condyle

Question 20

Spine

Answer 20

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Question 21

Process

Answer 21

Any bony prominence

Question 22

What are these bone markings associated with

Answer 22

Sites of muscle and ligament attachments

Question 23

Head

Answer 23

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.

Example: The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum to form the hip joint.

Question 24

Facet

Answer 24

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Example: Facets on the vertebrae articulate with adjacent vertebrae.

Question 25

Condyle

Answer 25

Rounded articular projection ## Footnote Example: The condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.

Question 26

Ramus

Answer 26

Armlike bar of bone ## Footnote Example: The ramus of the mandible provides attachment for muscles involved in chewing.

Question 27

Meatus

Answer 27

Canal-like passageway ## Footnote Example: The external acoustic meatus transmits sound waves to the eardrum.

Question 28

Sinus

Answer 28

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane ## Footnote Example: The frontal sinus is located in the frontal bone above the eyes.

Question 29

Fossa

Answer 29

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface ## Footnote Example: The olecranon fossa of the humerus accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension.

Question 30

Groove

Answer 30

Furrow ## Footnote Example: The intertubercular groove of the humerus guides the biceps tendon.

Question 31

Fissure

Answer 31

Narrow, slitlike opening ## Footnote Example: The superior orbital fissure allows passage of cranial nerves and blood vessels.

Question 32

Foramen

Answer 32

Round or oval opening through a bone ## Footnote Example: The foramen magnum allows the spinal cord to pass through the skull.

Question 33

What is the function of these projections?

Answer 33

Help form joints

Question 34

What is the function of these depressions and openings?

Answer 34

Allow for blood vessel and nerves to pass