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Anatomy (BIO 201) > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main component of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Fluid mosaic made of proteins

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2
Q

What does the plasma membrane separate?

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF).

Interstitial fluid (IF) is the same as ECF.

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3
Q

What happens when polar and nonpolar molecules mix?

A

Polar + Polar mix, Nonpolar + Nonpolar mix, Polar + Nonpolar do not mix.

Water cannot cross the cell due to the nonpolar lipid tail.

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4
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A

Increases membrane stability and fluidity.

Cholesterol is a crucial component for membrane function.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of tight junctions?

A

Prevents movement of fluids and particles between cells.

Found connecting epithelial cells (skin).

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6
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

Zipper-like connection holding cells together.

Provides flexibility/give between cells.

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7
Q

What is the role of gap junctions?

A

Allow small molecules to pass between cells.

Facilitates the passage of electrical signals.

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8
Q

What part of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophilic in which side is hydrophobic?

A

Phosphate is polar and hydrophilic

Lipid tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic

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9
Q

What are protein islands?

A

Transport proteins that have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions and can interact with lipid tales and H2O

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10
Q

Passive transport

A

Uses the concentration gradient to move from higher concentrations to lower concentrations

No energy is required

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11
Q

Active transport

A

Uses energy energy to move from areas of low concentration areas of high concentration

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12
Q

What are the three forms of passive transport?

A

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration

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13
Q

Explained diffusion

A

The movement of solute from concentration to low concentration

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14
Q

Explain osmosis

A

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

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15
Q

What is the equation for finding osmolarity?

A

Solute - (millimoles/volume)= osmolarity

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16
Q

What is Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to alter cells water volume

17
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The pressure from solute that sucks water to the other side

18
Q

Explained, hypotonic solutions and what happens when a cell is placed in it

A

Salute concentration is greater in the cell so the solute leaves cell and water enters. This causes the cell to swell and burst.

19
Q

Describe isotonic solutions and what happens when cells are placed in it

A

Water and saw you levels are even so there will be no net movement of water.

20
Q

Explain hypertonic solutions

A

There’s more solute in the solution than in the cell. This causes solute to move into the cell and water to leave. This causes the cell to shrink (crenation)

21
Q

What is creation?

A

Sells shrinking due to being in a hypertonic solution

22
Q

What is the net movement of ions from the sodium potassium pump?

A

3 NA+ ions leave and 2 K- cells come into cell

23
Q

Describe facilitated diffusion

A

No energy needed. Transfer proteins facilitate transport.

24
Q

What type of molecules can transport passively through facilitated diffusion and give an example?

A

Hydrophilic molecules
- Glucose
- amino acids
- ions

25
Q

Describe filtration

A

Movement of hydrostatic pressure. Uses ATP.

26
Q

If a salute is too large for channels how can I get carried across the cell?

A

Vesicular transport

27
Q

In what cases is vesicular transport used?

A

Solute too large for channels, not lipids soluble solute, unable to move down the concentration gradient

28
Q

What is cotransport? What is a symporter and what is a antiporter?

A

Cotransport- transport more than one substance at a time

Symporter- substance transported in the same direction
AntiPorter - substances transported opposite directions

29
Q

Define hemostasis

A

Maintain stable internal conditions, despite changes in environment

30
Q

Describe how the nervous system and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis

A

Nervous system= Quick reaction via nerve impulses

Endocrine system = Slow reaction via release of hormones

31
Q

Describe the negative feedback loop and give an example

A

eliminates the stimulus
Temperature regulation, heart rate, breathing rate

32
Q

Define in given example of a positive feedback loop

A

Enhance or exaggerate the stimulus.
Childbirth

Anatomy (BIO 201) (16 decks)

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