Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy - year one > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Cardiac
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Cardiac
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Creates protective boundaries and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Underlies and supports other tissue types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Contracts to initiate movement in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Transmits and integrates information through the central and peripheral nervous systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of epithelial tissue

A

High cellularity
Special sensory receptors
Forms a barrier
Avascular
Innvervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple
Stratified
Peudostratified
Specialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure of connective tissue

A

Cells (structural, immunological, defense, energy reservoirs)

Extracellular matrix (ground substance, protein fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Connective tissue fibres

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Connective tissue classification

A

Proper - dense, loose
Embryonic - mesenchyme, mucous
Specialised - cartilage, adipose, bone, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscle tissue features

A

Contractile
Elastic
Extensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac - gap junctions, intercalated discs
Smooth
Striated
Non-straiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nervous tissue neurons

A

Soma
Dendrites
Axons
Ganglia (PNS)
Nuclei (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nervous tissue gila

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Microglia - blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is muscle tissue found?

A

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

The lining of gastrointestinal tract organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is connective tissue found?

A

Bones
Cartilage
Blood
Tendon
Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define exocrine glands with an example

A

A gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct or opening to a body surface.

For example - Salivary glands and sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define endocrine glands with an example

A

A gland that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

Endocrine glands help control many body functions, including growth and development, metabolism, and fertility.

Some examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three mechanisms of exocrine glandular secretion?

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Discuss melocrine secretion

A

A type of exocrine gland in which the secretory products are released without any damage to the cell

Eg - salivary glands, pancreatic glands and eccrine sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Discuss apocrine secretion

A

A type of exocrine gland in which the secretory products are released together with some portions of the secreting cells i.e portions of the plasma membrane budding off the cells

E.g - mammary glands and axillary sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Discuss holocrine glands

A

Glands that contain disintegrated cells due to the rupture of the plasma membrane, as part of their secretions

Eg, oil glands of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What makes up connective tissue?

A

Cells
Ground substance
Fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the ground substance of the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue?

A

An amorphous gelatinous materal
Transparent colourless
Fills spaces between gaps and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance and fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define extracellular matrix

A

Cells of the connective tissue are suspended in a non-cellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical suppor t to surrounding cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Discuss collagen fibres

A

Collagen fibres are fibrous proteins and are secreted into the extracellular space and they provide high tensile strength to the matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Discuss elastic fibres

A

Elastic fibres are long, thin fibres that form branching network in the extracellular matrix. They help the connective tissue to stretch and recoil.

31
Q

Discuss reticular fibres

A

Reticular fibres are short, fine collagenous fibres that can branch extensively to form a delicate network.

32
Q

5 major functions of connective tissue

A
  1. Binding and supporting.
  2. Protecting.
  3. Insulating.
  4. Storing reserve fuel.
  5. Transporting substances within the body.1.
33
Q

4 main types of connective tissue

A
  1. Connective proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood
34
Q

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue?

A

Loose and dense

35
Q

What is loose connective tissue divided into?

A
  1. Areolar
  2. Adipose
  3. Reticular
36
Q

What is dense connective tissue divided into?

A
  1. Dense regular
  2. Dense irregular
  3. Elastic
37
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

The functions of areolar connective tissue include the support and binding of other tissues.

It also helps in defending against infection.

When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue in the area soaks up the excess fluid as a sponge and the affected area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called edema.

38
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body.

The two types of adipose tissue are white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, referred to as adipose depots.

39
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

Closely packed bundles of collagen fibers run in the same direction. These collagen fibers are slightly wavy and can stretch a little bit.

Forms tendons, aponeurosis and ligaments. This tissue forms the fascia, which is a fibrous membrane that wraps around the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.

40
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

This has the same structural elements as dense regular tissue, but the bundles of collagen fibers are much thicker and arranged irregularly.

This tissue is found in areas where tension is exerted from many different directions. It is part of the skin dermis area and in the joint capsules of the limbs.

41
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

The main fibers that form this tissue are elastic in nature.

These fibers allow the tissues to recoil after stretching.

This is especially seen in the arterial blood vessels and walls of the bronchial tubes.

42
Q

What is cartilage?

A

This is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans.

43
Q

Where can cartilage be found?

A

Between bones
Rib cage
Ear
Nose
Elbow
Knee
Ankle
Bronchial tubes
Intervertebral disc

44
Q

What is cartilage composed of?

A

Specialized cells - chondroblasts

Does not contain blood vessels.

45
Q

What are the three classifications of cartilage?

A
  1. Elastic cartilage
  2. Hyaline cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage

Which differ in the relative amounts of these three main components.

46
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

This is similar to hyaline cartilage but is more elastic in nature.

Its function is to maintain the shape of the structure while allowing flexibility.

It is found in the external ear (known as an auricle) and in the epiglottis.

47
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

This is is the most abundant of all cartilage in the body.

It provides strong support while providing pads for shock absorption.

It is a major part of the embryonic skeleton, epiphyseal growth plates, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the cartilage of the nose, trachea, and larynx.

48
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

This is a blend of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue.

Because it is compressible and resists tension well, fibrocartilage is found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required.

It is found in the intervertebral discs of the bony vertebrae and knee meniscus.

49
Q

Blood - connective tissue

A

This is considered a specialized form of connective tissue.

Blood is a bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances, such as nutrients and oxygen, to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

50
Q

Why is blood an atypical connective tissue?

A

Since it does not bind, connect, or network with any body cells. It is made up of blood cells and is surrounded by a nonliving fluid called plasma.

51
Q

Define the term adipose tissue

A

Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat.

52
Q

What are the basic functions of adipose tissue?

A

Adipose tissue helps to store energy in the form of fat, cushion internal organs, and insulate the body.

53
Q

What is simple eputhelium?

A

One layer of cells

54
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Two or more layers of cells

55
Q

What is squamous epithelium?

A

Flat cells (width greater than height)

56
Q

What is cubodial epithelium?

A

Square shaped cells

57
Q

What is columnar epithelium?

A

Rectangle shaped epithelium (they stand tall)

58
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Simple epithelium that looks stratified because of the nuclei of the cells that make up this epithelium are found at different levels

59
Q

What are the specialisations of epithelium?

A

Microvilli
Cilia
Goblet cells
Keratin

60
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Small thin protrusions on the apical surface of cells which contain bundles of actin filaments, and increase the surface area of the cell for absorption

61
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Long fine projections on the apical surface that contain the core of the microtubules. The function of cilia is to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia.

62
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

The primary function of goblet cells is to secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer.

63
Q

What is the function of keratin?

A

Found on the outer surfaces of the epithelia that experience abrasion and water loss.

Helps form the tissues of the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.

64
Q

What are the four main types of junctions connecting epithelial cells?

A

Tight junction
Adherens junction
Gap junctions
Desmosomes

65
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Transitional epithelium has a varied appearance, due to its ability to change shape with the tissue that it lines or covers.

66
Q

What does transitional epithelium resemble in its resting state?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium but with larger, more rounded cells in its apical layer.

67
Q

What does transitional epithelium resemble when the tissue it covers becomes streched?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, with its cells becoming flatter and more elongated under tension.

68
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found and why?

A

Transitional epithelium forms a lining which is largely impermeable to water, and is found in tissues that expand and contract, such as the urinary bladder.

69
Q

What can epithelial cells become specialised to?

A

Turn into glands
- exocrine or endocrine

70
Q

What are the layers of connective tissue in a skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

71
Q

Features of skeletal muscle

A

Multinucleated
Striated

72
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

Myocardium of the heart

73
Q

Features of cardiac muscle?

A

Mononucleated
Intercalated discs
Striated

74
Q

Features of smooth muscle

A

Not striated due to absence of muscle sarcomeres
Single central nucleus

anatomy - year one (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions