Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy - Year One > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

The point at which two bones lay adjacent to each other (with or without the ability to move)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different structural classifications of joints?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthosis
Diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the movement classifications of joints?

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Polyaxial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical importance of joints

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Sprains
Dislocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define synovial joints

A

Not directly joined; the bones share synovial cavity that is closed with articular capsule which connects the bones (sternoclavicular, shoulder, elbow, hip knee, radiocarpal, proximal tibiofibular joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define fibrous joints

A

Joined with dense fibrous connective tissue (cranial sutures, distal tibiofibular and cuboideonavicular joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define cartilaginous

A

joined by cartilage (costochondral joints); two types: primary - synchondrosis (composed of hyaline cartilage), secondary - symphysis (hyalin cartilage covers the bones, but the fibrocartilage connects them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define synchondrosis

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

Composed of hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define symphysis

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

(hyalin cartilage covers the bones, but the fibrocartilage connects them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define synarthrosis

A

Little/no mobility (mostly fibrous joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define amphiarthrosis

A

Slight mobility (mostly cartilaginous joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable (synovial joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define uniaxial

A

Back and forth along a single axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define biaxial

A

Move along two distinct axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define polyaxial

A

Moves along all three axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Synovial joints are the freely mobile joints in which the articulating surfaces have no direct contact with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What limits the range of movement synovial joints?

A

Joint capsule, supporting ligaments and muscles that cross the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of cartilage are most of the synovial joints lined with?

A

The majority of the synovial joints are lined with hyaline cartilage, except for the temporomandibular joint which is lined with the fibrous cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of joints are most of the upper and lower limb joints?

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the synovial joint encompassed in?

A

The joint is encompassed in a capsule that encases the joint cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the interior of the synovial joint capsule covered with and what does it do?

A

Synovial membrane -

Producing and secreting synovial fluid that lubricates the joint, which aids in reducing the friction between the bones’ ends as they articulate with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What joints are most susceptible to dislocations?

A

Synovial

These joints are capable of a large range of motions and consequently, are the most susceptible to dislocations.

24
Q

What joins the articulating edges of fibrous joints?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

25
Q

Examples of fibrous joints

A

Skull
Where teeth join the gum

26
Q

Examples of synovial joints

A

Hip
Knee
Elbow

27
Q

What characterises cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints are chiefly characterised by the fact that they connect with neighbouring bones via cartilage.

28
Q

What are the two cartilaginous joints?

A

There are two types of cartilaginous joints, synchondrosis and symphysis joints.

29
Q

What is another name for synchondrosis joints?

A

Primary joints

30
Q

What is another name for symphysis joints?

A

Secondary joints

31
Q

What are synchondrosis joints?

A

Synchondrosis joints are joints in which hyaline cartilage meet with bone.

These highly immobile joints can be observed at the costochondral joints of the anterior thoracic cavity and at the epiphyseal plates of long bones.

32
Q

What are symphysis joints?

A

Adjacent bone surfaces lined with hyaline cartilage and connected by fibrocartilage - some mobility.

They are found primarily along the midline of the body.

33
Q

Examples of synchondrosis joints

A

First sternocostal joint
Joint between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a growing long bone.

34
Q

Examples of symphysis joints

A

Pubic symphysis
Joints between vertebral bodies

35
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Pivot
Saddle
Ball and socket
Hinge
Plane
Condyloid

36
Q

What are the three main components of a synovial joint?

A

Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid

37
Q

What is the articular capsule?

A

The articular capsule surrounds the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones.

38
Q

What are the two layers of the articular capsule?

A

Fibrous layer (outer)
Synovial layer (inner)

39
Q

Discuss the fibrous layer of the articular capsule

A

Consists of white fibrous tissue, known as the capsular ligament.

Holds together the articulating bones & supports the underlying synovium.

40
Q

Discuss the synovial layer of the articular capsule

A

A highly vascularised layer of serous connective tissue.

It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid, and is responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint.

Also known as the synovium.

41
Q

What is the articular cartilage?

A

The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint (i.e. the surfaces that directly contact each other as the bones move) are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage.

42
Q

What are the two main roles of the articular cartilage?

A

Minimising friction upon joint movement, and absorbing shock.

43
Q

Where is the synovial fluid located?

A

The synovial fluid is located within the joint cavity of a synovial joint.

44
Q

What is the role of the synovial fluid?

A

Lubrication
Nutrient distribution
Shock absorption.

45
Q

What innervates a synovial joint?

A

Articular nerves

46
Q

What is the source of arterial supply of the synovial joints?

A

Articular arteries, which arise from the vessels around the joint. The articular arteries are located within the joint capsule, mostly in the synovial membrane.

47
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae.

The synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, which has a lubricating function.

48
Q

What are the accessory structures of a synovial joint?

A

Accessory ligaments
Bursae

49
Q

What are the accessory ligaments?

A

The accessory ligaments are separate ligaments or parts of the joint capsule.

50
Q

What type of tissue is used in accessory ligaments and why?

A

Bundles of dense regular connective tissue, which is highly adapted for resisting strain any extreme movements or strains that may damage the joint.

51
Q

What is a bursa (pl. bursae)?

A

A bursa is a small sac lined by synovial membrane, and filled with synovial fluid.

52
Q

Where are the major bursae found?

A

The major bursae are located next to the tendons near the large joints, such as in the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees.

53
Q

Discuss the vasculature of the articular cartilage

A

Articular cartilage is relatively avascular, and is reliant upon the passive diffusion of nutrients from the synovial fluid.

54
Q

What is another term for joint?

A

Articulation

55
Q

Do syntheses ossify with age?

A

No

56
Q

What is an example of a temporary cartilaginous joint?

A

The epiphyseal growth plate is a temporary cartilaginous joint formed as the cartilage is converted to bone during growth and development.

Anatomy - Year One (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions