Respiratory - Lung Anatomy

Question 1

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Bronchioles (terminal and respiratory)

Question 3

What is the basic structural unit of gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 3

Pulmonary alveoli

Question 4

What are the portions of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 4

Conducting portion
Respiratory portion

Question 5

What happens in the conducting portion of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 5

No gas exchange

Question 6

What happens in the respiratory portion of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 6

Gas exchange

Question 7

What are the conducting portions of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 7

Trachea
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus
Conducting bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole

Question 8

What are the respiratory portions of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 8

Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveolus

Question 9

What are the lobes of the lung?

Answer 9

Superior
Middle (Right Lung only)
Inferior

Question 9

What are the borders of the lung?

Answer 9

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior

Question 10

What are the surfaces of the lung?

Answer 10

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

Question 11

What are the fissures of the lungs

Answer 11

Oblique fissure
Horizontal fissure (right lung only)

Question 12

What is the hilum of the lung?

Answer 12

An area located on the medial surface of the lung

Question 13

What is a root of the lung?

Answer 13

Group of structures that enter of leave the lung at the hilum

Bronchus
Artery
Veins
Lymphatics
Nerves

Question 14

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?

Answer 14

10 on each lung

Question 15

What is the clinical significance of the bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 15

Each one is an independent unit - had bronchiole segment of its own

Question 16

What are the bronchial arteries of the lung?

Answer 16

Thoracic aorta (2 left)
Posterior intercostal artery (1 right)

Question 17

What are the bronchial veins of the lungs?

Answer 17

Azygous and accessory hemizygous system

Question 18

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

Answer 18

Pulmonary LN
Bronchopulmonary LN
Tracheobronchiol LN
Broncho-mediastinal LN
Broncho-mediastinal lymph trunk

Question 19

What is responsible for autonomic innervation of the lungs?

Answer 19

Pulmonary plexus

Question 20

What is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Answer 20

Vagus nerve

Question 21

What is responsible for sympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Answer 21

T2-T5

Question 22

What are the pleurae of the lungs?

Answer 22

Serous membranes that line the lungs and thoracic cavity

Question 23

What kind of epithelial are the pleurae?

Answer 23

Simple squamous epithelial layer

Question 24

How can the pleura be divided into?

Answer 24

Visceral pleura Parietal pleura

Question 25

What does the parietal pleura cover?

Answer 25

The internal surface of the thoracic cavity

Question 26

How can the parietal pleura be divided up into?

Answer 26

Mediastinal pleura Cervical pleura Costal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura

Question 27

What does the visceral pleura cover?

Answer 27

The outer surface of the lungs

Question 28

What are the two pleural recesses?

Answer 28

Costodiaphragmatic Costomediastinal

Question 29

What is the neurovascular supply parietal pleura?

Answer 29

Innervated by the phrenic and intercostal nerves. (Somatic nerves) The blood supply is derived from the intercostal arteries.

Question 30

What is the neurovascular supply of the visceral plerua?

Answer 30

Autonomic innervation from pulmonary plexus Arterial supply is via the bronchial arteries

Question 31

What pleura is sensitive to pain?

Answer 31

Parietal not visceral

Question 32

What is the pleural sac?

Answer 32

A pleura is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac

Question 33

What is the pleural reflection?

Answer 33

Place at which parietal pleura changes its direction of travel

Question 34

What is the pleural recess?

Answer 34

The increased space between the layers of pleura occurring at the pleural reflections

Question 35

Inferior margin of lung surface anatomy

Answer 35

Mid clavicular line - Rib 6 Mid axillary line - Rib 8 Paravertebral line - Rib 10

Question 36

Inferior margin of parietal plerua surface anatomy

Answer 36

Mid clavicular line - Rib 8 Mid axillary line - Rib 10 Paravertebral line - Rib 12

Question 37

Horizontal fissure of right lung

Answer 37

Rib 4 anteriorly

Question 38

Oblique fissure of left lung

Answer 38

Begins at spine of T3 and follows rib 6 anteriorly