Ticks 2 Flashcards
Rhipicephalus sanguines
Brown dog tick
Unique shape* hexongonal basis capituli
Short mouth parts, non ornate
Feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Larvae - 3-7d
Nymph - 4-9d
Females - 6-12d
Can have multiple generations in one year in optimal conditions
Distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Throughout US - more active in south
Yards/gardens - summer
INDOORS, in kennels - winter
All 3 stages have STRONG preference for dogs
Seasonal /year round for Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Seasonal - late spring -fall, lay eggs in cracks in walls inside
Year round - increased activity spring to fall
2-4 generations per year, quest indoors and outdoors
each Female can lay 4000 eggs primarily indoor
Importance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Ehrlichia canis
Anaplasma Platys
Babesia Vogeli, babesia gibsoni
Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
Hepatozoon canis (hepatozoonosis)
Can cause life threatening anemia if populations are unchecked
Haemaphysalis longicornis
Asian longhorned ticks
Found in Asia, russia, Australia, New Zealand
3 host tick, spring to fall activity
Feed on EVERYTHING - except white footed mouse lol
Production of Haemaphysalis longicornis
Reproduce parthenogenetically - only adult females found due to not needing males to reproduce
Vector potentials of Haemaphysalis longicornis
Spread in eastern hemisphere
- borrelia, rickettsia, Anaplasma, viruses
Also spread theileria orientalis in cattle**
Theilieria orientalis in cattle
Spread by Haemaphysalis longicornis
Piroplasma- blood born apicomplexan
Clinically presents w anemia, poor conditions
Recognize Haemaphysalis longicornis
Small - no white markings, not long mount parts,
Not ornate with short mouth parts - can confuse w brown dog tick ** difference is basis captiulum **
controlling Haemaphysalis longicornis
Spread easily to new areas - parthenogenesis, broad range of hosts
how to remove a tick
Don’t smear w Vaseline
Don’t hold near a match
Don’t use fingers - mouthparts can release pathogenic organisms if left
Clean attachment site
Flea and tick products
Which one is best?
Spectrum of activity
Route of admin
Speed of effect
Repellency
Duration of activity
Animal needs
Spectrum of activity
Effective products may contain a single compound or combo
Single - Fipronil & isoxazolines
Combo - pyrethroids plus Neonicotinoids
Route of admin
Topical - usually animals must come in contact w product OR must be absorbed and may have systemic action against parasites macrocyclic lactones - mites/helminths
Oral admin advantages
No worry abt application
Easier for owners
Chemical contact reduced
Topical admin advantages
Don’t worry abt it being spit out
Less chemicals in the body - less ADR
No concern for vomit or food allergy
Arthropod dont have to bite to be affected
Speed of action
Important factor due to speed of disease transmission from ticks and reaction to flea allergic dermatitis
Chemical compound and mode of action affect action
Repellency
Interferes normal feeding behavior
NO products strictly for repellants in D/C
Pyrethroids/pyrethrins are commonly used compounds with repellant activity
Duration of activity
Products claim <1m action
Collars - 6-8m - deltamethrin, flumethrin/Imidacloprid
Fluralaner oral - 8-12w
12 against Ixodes, Rhipicephalus, dermacentor
8 against a americanum
Things to consider if “it isn’t working”
Parasites could be resistant
- ctenocephalides resistant to organophosphate, carbamates, pyrethroids
External vs internal parasite detection
Strain variation - tolerance vs resistance
Compliance
Heavy exposure
Differential experimental conditions to consider when reading studies
Different animals
Different strains of parasites
Variation in parasites biology
Different number of parasites
