LA EctoParasites Flashcards
Fleas
Ctenocephalides - common problem in housed animals
Requires Tx on animal and environment
Approved products for fleas
pyrethroids, IGRs, organophosphate in environment
Lice
Biting and sucking species
Common in the winter - come from dam
Life cycle is roughly 4 weeks
Pathogenesis of lice
Low infestation can be sub clinical, can see hypersensitivity
Blood loss and anemia can follow infection - pruritus is common
Severe infection: immunosuppressed, malnourished, young
Cattle lice
More seen in winter - sucking lice produce anemia
Pruritus, alopecia, weight loss, leather damage
- can spread bovine Dermatomyocosis ***
Controlling cattle lice
Macrocyclic lactones
Pyrethroids
OPs
IGR/IDI
environmental control is not needed
small ruminant lice
Biting is more common but harder to treat
Can cause substantial pruritus, alopecia, raw skin, weight/milk loss, ruin wool production
**sheer sheep prior to treatment*
Equine lice
Biting is more common - likely in winter
Easy transmission from brushes/blankets
Porcine lice
ONLY one species: haematopinus suis
Sucking lice - bigger bodies = easier to spot
Treat w macrocyclic lactones inj or pyrethroids
Clinical signs of haematopinus suis
Rubbing, restless behavior
Production losses in growers-finishers
= decreased feed intake/efficiency
Large animal mites
Similar cycle to lice
Transmitted by direct contact due to limited environmental survival
DX w skin scarping although its not a common case
Sarcoptes
PIGS - backyard operations
Decreased growth rate/feed efficiency, trimming on lesions /meat at slaughter, scratching= damage to skin/facilities, ^^stress
DX and TX of sarcoptes in pigs
Skin scraping
Ivermectin /doramectin inj - x2/14d
Must treat ALL animals
Tx/isolate new pigs
Sarcoptes in LA
RARE - can see in lesions
Reportable condition in sheep
Tx w macrocyclic lactones
Chorioptes in LA
MOST IMPORTANT MITE IN LA
Common in EQ and small rum - legs/low body
Forms papules/crusts on effected areas - can migrate
DX off clinical signs & skin scraping* present in low #
NEED COMBO THERAPY - inj and topical
Demodex in LA
Assume they came from local dogs
Presents w nodular lesions - FILLED w mites/sebum which can rupture, sever hypersensitive reactions can happen
No approved treatment
Psoroptes ovis
Causes serious mange
REPORTABLE
Reportable mites in LA
SARCOPTES
CHORIOPTES
PSOROPTES
Tick species in LA
Dermacentor variabilis
Ixodes scapularis
Amblyomma americanum
Dermacentor albipictus
winter tick
ONE host tick - all 3 stages feed on ONE host
Important in moose, horses and ruminants
North US and Canada
Rhipicephalus annulatus
Rhipicephalus microplus
North American cattle tick
Asian blue tick
ONE host tick
Cause Texas cattle fever and spread bovine Babesiosis
Mostly eradicated from us
Amblyomma in LA
A. Americanum - causes Q fever
A. Maculatum - gulf coast tick
Causes heart water (Ehrlichia) lepto, rickettsia, Hepatozoon
Amblyomma maculatum
Commonly attach to ears of cattle
Produce thick/edema ears when 10+ ticks attach which causes cartilage damage, fibrosis = gotch ear/droopy ear
Flies
Warbles (bots, grubs) in LA
Cattle grub (hypoderma) causes skin lesions
Other species in EQ and sheep do not cause skin lesions
Life cycle of cattle grubs
Hypoderma Bovis and hypoderma lineatum
“Gadding” - adult behavior running away from flies
Eggs are glued to hairs on low body
Larvae hatch and burrow through skin to tissue - around esophagus (lineatum) or spinal cord (bovis) for 2-4 m
Then migrate back to subq on back = nodule for 5-8w
Pupate on ground*
Clinical signs and loss of cattle grubs
**lumps on back
Economic loss:
Adults - gadding
Larvae - migration causes tissue damage
Can interfere w esophageal function/NS function
Warning on macrocyclic lactones label
Nov1-March1 do not use ML
Effective timing for TX is at the very end of fly season
Flies of importance in horses
Stomoxys
Culicoides
Tabanids
Important flies in cattle
Haematobia
Musca autumnalis
Stomoxys
Important flies for small rum /pigs
Stomoxys - housing
Types of pesticides
Organophosphate and carbamates
Pyrethroids
Macrocyclic lactones
Effect of organophosphate and carbamates
Effect of pyrethroids
Effect of macrocyclic lactones
Pesticides for cattle
Pyrethroids and ML - most common
Organophosphates
IGR/IDI
Pesticides in horses
Pyrethroids - almost only one available
IGR/IDI
Very limited organophosphate use
Environmental control
Ear tags, fly bags
Biting horse flies
Can cause hypersensitive reactions - serious problem
Fly control is difficult
Products are mostly pyrethroids
