Ferrets, Rabbits/rod Derm Flashcards
Questions to ask on derm problem presentation?
- Is it contagious to other animals in household/country?
- Is this zoonotic?
- Is this indicative of underlying problems ?
Adrenal disease in ferrets
Occurs in either sex - usually in fixed/desexed
Etiology of adrenal disease
S/N = lack of negative feedback loop of gonadotropins
Prolonged stimulation of LH and FSH to AG
Leads to hyplasia, adenomas or adenocarcinoma
=Sex hormone disorder - from AG
Signs of ferret adrenal disease
ALOPECIA
Pruritus
Swollen vulva
Stranguria- enlarged prostate
Behavior changes
Cyclical tail alopecia
Occurs in either sex, 1-5 yr old
Partial-complete tail alopecia
Comedones (black heads) NOT pruritic
No known cause
Resolves spontaneously in a few months
Alopecia of prolonged estrus
Occurs in intact female ferrets - induced ovulators
When estrus lasts 2-3 months
Causes bilaterally symmetric alopecia, swollen vulva, anemia, thrombocytopenia, Myelosuppression
Treating alopecia of prolonged estrus
OHE, induce ovulation
Mast cell tumors in ferrets
Present with small, discreet benign nodules
MOST COMMON skin tumor of ferrets
Pruritus, red/inflammed if histamine granules release
Basal cell tumors in ferrets
Present brown/black color, small discreet (ususally) benign tumors
Have the potential to ulcerate
Ectoparasites on ferrets
Fleas
Ear mites
Sarcoptic mites
Warbles
Demodectic mites
Demodectic mites are common in
Immunosuppressed ferrets in chemo or high dose prednisolone for insulinomas - facial facial alopecia
Less common (benign) tumors
Sebaceous gland adenomas
Chordoma - occur on tip of the tail
Cutaneous lymphosarcoma
Ferrets can get a wide variety of skin tumors
Dermatophytosis
Ring worm in ferrets - caused by microsporum canis
Common in young animals
Tx - same as cats
ZOONOTIC
Distemper dermatopathy in ferrets
Fatal disease in ferrets
Signs- rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, GI signs
Skin lesions - erythema on face, leading to serborrheic dermatitis, HK on footpads
Sertoli cell tumor
Rare - since most males are neutered
Causes feminization
Bacterial infections in ferrets
Common source is bite wounds can lead to Acute moist Pyotraumatic dermatitis
Allergic dermatitis
Atopy is rare
If a ferret presents with pruritus - rule out fleas, suspect adrenal disease
HIVES is another rare differential
Common disorders of rabbits
Cheyletiella
Fleas
Myiasis
Moist dermatitis
Subcutaneous abscesses
Ulcerative pododermatitis
Cheyletiella - rabbits
Causes patchy alopecia w mild scaling
DX w tape prep
Can be asymptomatic carriers
Fleas - rabbits
Treat w revolution NOT frontline
Don’t know why but it causes illness in rabbits
Myiasis - rabbits
Maggots - Cuterebra or non Cuterebra (fly strike)
From outdoor exposure or dirty environment
Moist dermatitis - rabbits
Slobbers - drooling due to poor water source = prolonged wet skin
Or dental disorder
Ulcerative pododermatitis
Due to dirty /neglect
Infection from standing in feces /wet environment
Venereal spirochetosis - rabbit syphilis
Caused by treponema paraluiscuniculi
Transmitted via sexual contact/birth
See signs on ext genitalia and face
Signs and Tx of rabbit syphilis
Hyperemia & edema followed by Macule, papules, erosions, ulcers, crusts
Injectable penicillin or spontaneous resolution
Rabbit Dermatophytosis
trichophytan mentogrophytes different species
Signs w dry, crusty patches of alopecia
Other skin disorders of rabbits
Ear mites
Myxomatosis
Papilloma virus
Fibrous virus
Barbering
Hair pulling
Necrobacillosis
Sebaceous adenitis
Self - mutilation after IM inj of ketamine or xylazine
Dermatophytosis in guinea pigs
Trichophyton metagrophytes **
Zoonotic
Asymptomatic to focal alopecia
mites in GP
Sarcoptic - trixacurus caviae : INTENSE PRURITIS
Chirodiscoides caviae - asymptomatic
Demodectic mites - Demodex caviae - asymptomatic
Lice in GP
Gliricola porcelli - MOST COMMON
Spreads via contact, grossly visible
NOT zoonotic
Cervical lymph adenitis in GP
Caused by strep zooepidemicus - oral commensal
Cervical swelling, thick tick pus
Tx w surgical excision - TX w non penicillin ABx
Ulcerative pododermatitis in GP
Similar to rabbits - due to abrasive and dirty cages/floor
Trichofolliculoma in GP
Benign basal cell epithelioma
Alopecia without dermatitis in GP
Barbering
Gestational alopecia
Weanling alopecia
Ovarian cysts
Nutritional conditions in GP
Scurvy - vitamin C deficiency - scaling of pinna, poor coat, crusty eye discharge
Metastatic soft tissue mineralization
Fatty acid deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency
HK in feet of GP
Horny growths of lateral aspect of feet
Trim
Male hygiene disorders
Circumanal plugs
Preputial dermatitis
Dermatophytosis in chinchillas
Ring worm caused by trichophytan mentagrophytes
Focal alopecia, white flake dermaitits
Fur chewing in chinchillas
Unknown cause - stress, overcrowding, poor foliage diet
Broken hair shafts - patchy alopecia
Matted fur in chinchillas
Due to warm/humid environment w/out dust baths
Increase # or access to dust baths
Other fur conditions of chinchillas
Fur slip - acute shedding of large tufts of fur, caused by fights/fear/stress
Fur ring (males) - ring of fur entrapped around prepuce causing paraphimosis
Demodectic mange in hamsters
Caused by Demodex criciti- non path
Demodex aurati- pathogenic
Alopecia +/- dermatitis - common in older hamsters
Can occur w commensal parasite
Tx w nexgard
Bacterial infections in hamsters
Cause bc staph aureus or strep sp
Alopecia, erythema, excoriations, abscesses
Flank glands in hamsters
Normal appearence
Prominent in males
Syrian - bilateral on flank
Dwarfs - single, ventral abdomen
HDC in hamsters
Caused by adrenal gland adenomas
Can have PDH form
Bilateral symmetric alopecia, PU/PD
Difficult to treat
Other diseases in hamsters
Dermatophytosis - rare
Nude hamsters - usually genetics
Neoplasia - melanomas most common
Rats - chromodacryorrhea
Reddish stain around eyes
Caused by virus, mycoplasma, stress
Ulcerative dermaitis - rats
Skin ulcers, 2nd to self traumas
Staph bacteria most common
Ectoparasites in rats
Fur mites - radfordia ensifer = pruritic
Lice - polyplasx spinulosa - rare
Notoedres mites - rare
Neoplasia in rats
Uncommon unless specifically bred for
Wide variety of skin tumors reported
Nutritional dermatosis (sunflower and peanut diet) in rats
Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic acid deficiencies
Vit A, B12 & copper deficiency
Other diseases of rats
Ringtail - low humidity
Pox virus - rare
Dermatophytosis - rare
Mice ectoparasites
Scabies !!! My opted musculinus
Lice - polyplax serrat - rare
Dermatophytosis in mice
Trichophytan metagrophytes
Other conditions in mice
Barbering
Bacterial dermaitits and abscesses
Mouse pox
Nutritional deficiencies
Neoplasia
Nasal dermatitis in gerbils
Epiphora, porphyrin secretion = moist dermatitis, superficial pyoderma
Caused by fumes of cedar shavings
Cystic ovaries in gerbils
Common in over 50% of gerbils
Bilaterally symmetric alopecia w poor coat quality
Hedgehogs
Dermatophytosis
Acariasis
Bacterial pyoderma
Papilloma virus
Neoplasia
