Thyroid Pathology Flashcards
blood supply to thyroid?
very vascular
normal thyroid colour?
mahogany
what is in colloid?
glycoprotein containing thyroglobulin
Active thyroid shows what in the cells?
tall columnar
scalloping of colloid
What is hair loss term?
Alopecia
what is thyrotoxicosis?
elevated circulating fT3 and fT4
Sympathetomimetic
TSH levels in thyrotoxicosis?
decreased TSH
difference between Graves disease and toxic goiter?
Graves: diffuse
Toxic goiter can be multinodular or diffuse
What is a simple goiter?
diffuse diffuse
fT4 levels in a simple goiter?
Euthyroid
endemic goiter if how much %?
> 10% of population
if you resolute TSH what happens to Goiter?
involutes
What happens to simple goiter over time?
multinodular
rupturing and fibrosis
What is TMNG?
Toxic multinodular goiter
What is an autonomous nodule?
can produce Thyroxine without TSH stim
What is Pemberton’s Sign?
goiter will occlude main vessels when arms are raised
what do you find in Hashimoto’s histology?
germinal centres
plasma cells
lymphocytes
colour of Hashimoto’s thyroid?
pale
Hashimoto’s is Type what hypersensitivity?
Type IV
Grave’s is Type what hypersensitivity?
Type II
What antibodies to look for in Hashimoto’s?
Anti TPO ABs
Thyroid peroxidase
where do you get infiltrative dermopathy in Grave’s Disease?
pretibial myxoedema
Histologically what do you see in Grave’s Disease??
tall cells
hyperplasia
+++ scalloping
Papillae
When is the thyroid hard?
Multinodular toxic goiter with fibrosis etc.
Grave’s Disease TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins do what to TSH receptor?
stimulate OR inhibit (can have hypothyroidism with Grave’s Disease)
What is diagnostic of Grave’s Disease?
increased TSI
What is affected in Grave’s Disease to cause opthalmopathy?
fibroblasts, make more hylaronic acid and transform into adipocytes
Rx for Grave’s Disease? Drug? what else?
Carbimazole
surgery
radioactive iodine ablation
