Thyroid Pathology

Question 1

blood supply to thyroid?

Answer 1

very vascular

Question 2

normal thyroid colour?

Answer 2

mahogany

Question 3

what is in colloid?

Answer 3

glycoprotein containing thyroglobulin

Question 4

Active thyroid shows what in the cells?

Answer 4

tall columnar

scalloping of colloid

Question 5

What is hair loss term?

Answer 5

Alopecia

Question 6

what is thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 6

elevated circulating fT3 and fT4

Sympathetomimetic

Question 7

TSH levels in thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 7

decreased TSH

Question 8

difference between Graves disease and toxic goiter?

Answer 8

Graves: diffuse

Toxic goiter can be multinodular or diffuse

Question 9

What is a simple goiter?

Answer 9

diffuse diffuse

Question 10

fT4 levels in a simple goiter?

Answer 10

Euthyroid

Question 11

endemic goiter if how much %?

Answer 11

> 10% of population

Question 12

if you resolute TSH what happens to Goiter?

Answer 12

involutes

Question 13

What happens to simple goiter over time?

Answer 13

multinodular

rupturing and fibrosis

Question 14

What is TMNG?

Answer 14

Toxic multinodular goiter

Question 15

What is an autonomous nodule?

Answer 15

can produce Thyroxine without TSH stim

Question 16

What is Pemberton’s Sign?

Answer 16

goiter will occlude main vessels when arms are raised

Question 17

what do you find in Hashimoto’s histology?

Answer 17

germinal centres
plasma cells
lymphocytes

Question 18

colour of Hashimoto’s thyroid?

Answer 18

pale

Question 19

Hashimoto’s is Type what hypersensitivity?

Answer 19

Type IV

Question 20

Grave’s is Type what hypersensitivity?

Answer 20

Type II

Question 21

What antibodies to look for in Hashimoto’s?

Answer 21

Anti TPO ABs

Thyroid peroxidase

Question 22

where do you get infiltrative dermopathy in Grave’s Disease?

Answer 22

pretibial myxoedema

Question 23

Histologically what do you see in Grave’s Disease??

Answer 23

tall cells
hyperplasia
+++ scalloping
Papillae

Question 24

When is the thyroid hard?

Answer 24

Multinodular toxic goiter with fibrosis etc.

Question 25

Grave’s Disease TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins do what to TSH receptor?

Answer 25

stimulate OR inhibit (can have hypothyroidism with Grave’s Disease)

Question 26

What is diagnostic of Grave’s Disease?

Answer 26

increased TSI

Question 27

What is affected in Grave’s Disease to cause opthalmopathy?

Answer 27

fibroblasts, make more hylaronic acid and transform into adipocytes

Question 28

Rx for Grave’s Disease? Drug? what else?

Answer 28

Carbimazole
surgery
radioactive iodine ablation