Bones Joints Neck Flashcards
what 3 things in the carotid sheath?
carotid artery
jugular vein
Vagus Nerve
4 suboccipital muscles?
rectus capitis major
minor
superior oblique
inferior oblique
C1 and C2 nerve roots pass where?
behind the facet joints
below C2 nerve roots pass?
in front of facet joints
whats the difference between internal and external carotids in neck?
external gives off branches
vessels, what happens at C4?
common carotid bifurcation
vertebral arteries in which foraminae?
C6-C1
what is the carotid tubercle?
anterior tubercle of C6
cervical disc main purpose?
prevent forward slip and rotation
what guides movement on c-spine vertebrae?
uncinate processes/joints of Luschka
what is less common C-spine than L-spine re: discs? usual cause?
prolapse
trauma
synovial facet joints are innervated by?
posterior rami
causes of facet joint injury?
whiplash
hyperextension
what allows nodding?
atlanto-occipital joints (synovial)
what are the 3 synovial joints for rotation of atanto-axial joint?
- median pivot between dens and anterior arch of atlas
- lateral facet
- lateral facet
50% of cervical rotation
supraspinous ligament becomes what near superior C-spine?
ligamentum nuchae
ligamentum flavum becomes what near superior C-spine?
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
anterior longitudinal ligament becomes what near superior C-spine?
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
posterior longitudinal ligament becomes what near superior C-spine?
membrana tectoria
all c-spine ligaments resist what movements?
flex-ext
what prevents posterior translation of dens?
transverse ligament
what ‘check’s rotation of atlas on dens?
alar ligaments
what is hangman’s fracture?
both pedicles fractured due to hyperextension in trauma
what is a Jefferson fracture?
fall onto vertex of skull (shallow dive) causing bilateral ant. arches + pedicle fractures
What 2 muscles in the investing layer?
Trapezius
SCM
What is located in the pretracheal layer?
thyroid gland
deep neck flexors
what is the cervical fascial layer with muscles close to the vertebra called?
prevertebral layer
what is in the superficial facia layer of the neck?
fat cutaneous nerves, veins
What do neck fascial layer allow?
tracking of abcesses, infections in that compartment
what maintains the neck lordosis?
post-vertebral muscles
why C2 bifid spinous process?
increase surface area for muscle attachments
tubercles of c-spine?
- Anterior
2. Posterior
where is vertebra prominens?
C7
articular surfaces oriented at?
45 degrees
uncinate process from which vertebrae?
C3-6
Scalenus anterior origin and attachment? which compartment?
C3-6 to first rib
deep to prevertebral fascia
2 structures go through space between ant and medius scalene:
subclavian artery
brachial plexus
which muscle helps maintain cervical lordosis?
longus colli
% of people with cervical rib?
1% elongation of anterior tubercle causing nerve entrapment
Atlas has no?
body
atlas has longest?
transverse processes
what is the ‘body’ of C1?
the dense/odontoid process
