Endocrine Control/Review Flashcards
what is a temporary endocrine gland?
placenta
Hormone is borne where? acts where?
blood borne
comes from endocrine glands
acts on distant targets
What is neurocrine?
signal from a neuron down its axon via blood to distant target
All Hormones only produced by their respective glands?
Nope, multiple endocrine glands can make same hormones
each hormone only has a single target?
Nope, multiple target and function
purpose of autocrine and paracrine?
extracellular messages
local communication
Lipophilic is also?
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic also equals
lipophobic
why is permeability and solubility important?
in terms of location of receptors
Neurotransmitters use for transmitting what kind of message?
rapid, localised, specific, smaller distance
Neurohormones are secreted by? into?
by neuron
into blood stream
3 examples of neurohormones
- hypothalamus to ant. pit and 2. post. pit
3. catecholamines
catecholamines made where? by what?
made by neurons
modified adrenal medulla
What is a tropic hormone?
a hormone that controls secretion of another hormone
Two big hormone receptor types?
GPCR
Tyrosine Kinase-linked receptors
Peptide hormones release is how? solubility?
exocytosis, hydrophilic
Peptide hormones half life?
short
Peptide hormones receptor location?
cell membrane
2 examples of Peptide hormones?
insulin
parathyroid
Steroid hormones release and solubility?
simple diffusion
lipophilic
Steroid hormones synthesis/storage?
made on demand from cholesterol
peptide hormones synthesis and storage?
made in advanced and stored in secretory vesicles
Steroid hormones location of receptor
cytoplasm or nucleus
eg. of Steroid hormones?
androgens
estrogen
cortisol
catecholamines synthesis and storage?
made in advance and stored
catecholamines release and solubility?
exocytoic
hydrophilcic
catecholamines half life?
short
steroid hormones half life?
long
catecholamines receptor target?
cel membrane
catecholamines receptor response?
2nd messenger syetm
eg. of catecholamines? 2?
epinephrine
norepinephrine
Thyroid hormones half life?
long
Thyroid hormones release and solubility?
simple diffusion
lipophilic
peptide hormones in the ER are created as a?
Prohormone
The peptide hormone is active or inactive in the storage vesicles?
active
what is a precursor molecule to catecholamines and thyroid hormones?
Tyrosine
What two kind of hormones generate 2nd messengers?
peptide
catecholamines
Thyroid hormones travel how through blood stream?
bound to TBG
how are steroid hormones removed?
conjugation > urination
Amine hormones are removed how?
specific degrading enzymes
how are large peptide hormones removed?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
how are smaller peptide hormones removed?
kidneys
Positive feedback loop example?
labour and LH surge
2 ways to regulate hormone secretion
- neuroendocrine reflexes
2. feedback
Pineal gland makes?
Melatonin
What is permissive hormone regulation?
first hormone can’t affect without presence of second hormone
eg. of hormone antagonism?
insulin
glucagon
2 ways to down regulate hormone secretion
- endocytosis
2. target cell desensitisation
primary vs. secondary endocrine disorder?
primary: gland itself
secondary: excessive or abnormal stim