Steroid Hormones

Question 1

Where is cholesterol found?

Answer 1

Free in membranes

Esters in the liver

Question 2

Name a glucocorticoid?

Answer 2

Cortisol

Question 3

Name a mineralocorticoid?

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

What drug blocks estrogen?

Answer 4

tamoxifen

Question 5

What drug lowers testosterone?

Answer 5

Leuprolide

Question 6

cholesterol comes from?

Answer 6

acetyl CoA

Question 7

Steroids eliminated by which CYP?

Answer 7

CYP 3A4 (most abundant in human body)

Question 8

tamoxifen does what?

Answer 8

lowers estrogen

Question 9

Leuprolide does what?

Answer 9

lowers testosterone

Question 10

How does sex steroids enter cell?

Answer 10

through cell membrane directly into nucleus

Question 11

how do mineralo and glucocorticoids enter the cell?

Answer 11

enters cell, binds to steroid-receptor

Question 12

What is activated to bind to DNA?

Answer 12

Hormone response enzyme. HRE

Question 13

What does Cyproterone acetate do and what does it treat?

Answer 13

blocks androgen synthesis
treats:
1. hirsutism
2. for male to female gender change
3. chemical castration

Question 14

Aldosterone comes from which layer?

Answer 14

Glomerulosa

Question 15

Cortisol comes from which adrenal layer?

Answer 15

fasciculata

Question 16

Mineralocorticoids function?

Answer 16

sodium and retention

Question 17

aldosterone secretion mediated by? 3 things

Answer 17

Angiotensin II

ACTH and potassium

Question 18

when there is no hormone in cytosol, what does the steroid receptor bind?

Answer 18

heat shock proteins to prevent transcription

Question 19

DHEA does what to cortisol?

Answer 19

opposes it.

Anabolic androgen

Question 20

cortisol in blood is bound to?

Answer 20

transcortin

Question 21

How does glucocorticoids suppress immune system?

Answer 21

TNF-a usually kicks off IkBa(inhibitor), but Glucocorticoids elevates the level of inhibitors opposing the production of cytokines

Question 22

Dexamethasone used as a?

Answer 22

anti-inflammatory

immunosuppresant

Question 23

How potent is dexamethasone compared to cortisol? prednisone?

Answer 23

20-30x more than cortisol

4-5x more than prednisone

Question 24

why give dexamethasone before antibiotics in meningitis?

Answer 24

prevent inflammatory response in brain to killed bacteria

Question 25

how treat altitude sickness with glucocorticoid?

Answer 25

Give dexamethasone

Question 26

Beclomethasone administration usually?

Answer 26

nasal spray

Question 27

what is critical when stopping oral steroids?

Answer 27

progressively reduce dosage

Question 28

What is Leuprorelin? when use it?

Answer 28

blocks GnRH stim, inhibits FSH/LH release: chemical castration treat breast/ovarian, prostate cancer

Question 29

sex steroids in blood bind to?

Answer 29

sex hormone-binding globulin

Question 30

95% of testosterone is produced by which cells?

Answer 30

Leydig Cells

Question 31

Which area of adrenal produce testosterone?

Answer 31

zona reticularis

Question 32

what needs testosterone for spermatogenesis?

Answer 32

sertoli cells

Question 33

why block sex hormones in prostate/breast cancers

Answer 33

cancer cells retain some lineage characteristics and are affected by deprivation of its hormones