Thrombosis Embolism and Shock Flashcards
What is thrombosis?
The formation of solid or semi-solid mass from the constituents of blood.
Where can thrombi form?
Lumen of heart- MI
Arteries- leg
Veins- DVT or odema
Capillaries
What is vichow’s triad?
Factors that promotes thrombosis.
Abnormalities in vessel wall
Abnormalities in blood flow
Abnormalities in blood constituents.
Explain the abnormalities that occur to arteries
Vessel wall- Atheroma and inflammation.
Flow- turbulence- aneurysms and plaque and spasm.
Explain the abnormalities that occur to veins
Vessel wall- trauma, inflammation, chemicals.
Flow- Local problem- compression and inactivity.
General problem- heart failure and circulatory shock.
Explain the abnormalities that occur in the heart.
Vessel wall- MI and rheumatic endocarditis.
Atrial fibrillation and aneurysms.
What abnormalities of blood constituents can lead to thrombus formation?
Increased viscosity- caused by polycythaemia, dehydration and chronic hypoxia.
Hyperproteinaemia and multiple myeloma.
Abnormalities in clotting- pregnancy, older contraceptive pills
What are the different fates of thrombi?
Resolution- fibrinolysis
Organisation-incorportated into a scar.
Detachment- thromboembolism
What is an embolism?
The transportation of abnormal material (solid liquid or gas) by the blood stream.
What are different types of shock? (6)
- Hypovolaemic shock- haemorrhage and severe burns.
- Cardiogenic shock- MI
- Septic shock- endotoxins from Gneg bacteria and exotoxins from Gpos bacteria.
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Neurogenic shock- spinal cord trauma and regional anasthetic.
- Obstructive shock.
What are the clinical features of shock?
Low systolic BP Tachycardia Low resp rate Low urine output Metabolic acidosis Hypoxia Cutaneous vasoconstriction or vasodilation Anxiety Lethargy
