Female Genital Tract

Question 1

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

Abnormal discharge and bleeding

Question 2

Explain endocervical polyps

Answer 2

Present with unusual spotting.
Benign growths
Can be removed by hysteroscopy

Question 3

Explain menorrhagia

Answer 3

Heavy periods- 80ml blood loss.
Very common- effects 1-20 women.
Caused by DIB, fibroids, endometriosis and polyps.

Question 4

How could you treat menorrhagia?

Answer 4

coil
Mefanamic and Tranexamic acid.
COCP
Hysterectomy

Question 5

Explain fibroids

Answer 5

Very common benign tumour.
Arise from the myometrium
Present with heavy painful periods, pelvic pain and distension.

Question 6

Explain endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 6

Caused by STIs.
Can present with abnormal discharge, pain, bleeding, however can be asymptomatic.
Causes infertility.

Question 7

Explain endometriosis

Answer 7

Endometrial tissue in the wrong place.

Can present with heavy periods, painful periods.

Question 8

How would you treat endometriosis?

Answer 8

COCP
Mirena
Zoladex
Surgery

Question 9

Explain endometrial polyps

Answer 9

Benign tumours.

Question 10

Explain endometrial cancer

Answer 10

Cancer in the lining of the uterus.

Often presents as post menopausal bleeding so there is usually early detection

Question 11

What are the risks of endometrial cancer

Answer 11

Obesity and oestrogen exposure.

Question 12

Explain follicular cysts

Answer 12

Benign and very common.
Usually less than 6cm
Often asymptomatic- no treatment needed.

Question 13

Explain cyst adenomas

Answer 13

Can be very large fluid filled cysts.
Benign
Symptoms caused by pressure effects.

Question 14

Explain mature teratomas

Answer 14

Large cysts filled with a solid substance

Question 15

Explain polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer 15

Multiple cysts on the ovaries.
Presents with irregular periods or no periods.
Can causes infertility.

Question 16

What are the complications of polycystic ovaries.

Answer 16

Increased CV risk
Increased risk of T2DM
Increased risks during pregnancy

Question 17

Explain ovarian cysts

Answer 17

Usually benign between women aged 20-45

Usually malignant in women over 45

Question 18

What are the risk factors of miscarraige

Answer 18

Increased age, multiple pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, diabetes

Question 19

What are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy

Answer 19

Occurs in young women, PID, coil, IVF, previous ectopic pregnancy.

Question 20

How can you test for ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 20

Raised beta- HCG levels on blood testing.