Growth and Disorders Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
An abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds and is uncordinated with normal tissues. It persists after the stimuli has stopped.
Explain the behaviour of tumours
Benign- grows by displacing adjacent tissues.
Malignant- infiltrates and spreads.
Primary tumour- original malignant tumour.
Secondary tumour- offspring of primary tumour.
What are the different routes of metastasis?
Lymphatics (typical of epithelial malignancy)
Blood
Transcoelmic- peritoneal and pleural cavity.
Along epithelial
Within epithelium.
Explain metastasis via blood.
Tumours invade blood vessels. Emboli filtered out by capillary bed. Typical of stromal and later stages of epithelial malignancy.
What are examples of epithelial lined space tumours?
Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma of the lung
What is an example of a tumour within the epithelium?
Pagent’s disease of the nipple
What are different names for benign epithelial tumours?
Adenoma
Paplioma
Cystadenoma
Polyp
What are different names for malignant tumours?
Cancer- any tumour.
Carcinoma- cancer of epithelial tissue.
Sarcoma- malignant tumour of stromal tissue.
Explain leukaemia
Neoplastic proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells. All malignant.
Explain Teratoma
Arises from totipotential cells.
Ovary ( usually benign)
Testes (usually malignant)
Midline
Explain so non-neoplastic premalignant conditions.
Chronic inflammation- varicose leg ulcer leading to skin cancer.
Cirrhosis of the liver- hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chronic ulcerated colitis- adenocarcinoma of the large intestine.
Xerdoerma pigmentosum- squamous carcinoma of skin.
List some neoplastic premalignant conditions.
Familial polyposis coli.
Intra-epithelial neoplasia.
CIN.
What are the effects of benign tumours? (6)
Mechanical pressure- meningioma pressing on the brain.
Obstruction- atrial myxoma and leiomyoma in GIT.
Ulceration
Infarction
Infection
Rupture of cystic neoplasm.
What are the effects of malignant tumours? (7)
All of the effects of benign tumours. Tissue destruction. Haemorrhage Secondary infection Cachexia (severe weight loss due to increased metabolism) Pain Anaemia.
Explain paraneoplastic syndromes (6)
Peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, myopthy. Migranes Acanthosis nigricans Finger clubbing Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
