Thorax and Lungs

Question 1

What conditions is barrel chest indicative of

Answer 1

COPD and cystic fibrosis

Question 2

Pectus excavatum is

Answer 2

depression in the sternum, looks like a sunken ship

Question 3

Biots breathing is

Answer 3

groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by irregular periods of apnea

Question 4

Cheyne Strokes

Answer 4

breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperpnea; Respiratory acidosis
Possible indicator of Heart Failure

Question 5

Kussmaul’s breathing is

Answer 5

first rapid and shallow but as metabolic acidosis worsens, breathing becomes deep, slow, labored and gasping
AKA “air hunger”
DIABETICS

Question 6

Pitted nails indicates

Answer 6

seen with Psoriasis

Question 7

Spinter hemorrhage in nails indicates

Answer 7

subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 8

Beau’s lines are

Answer 8

transverse ridging associated with acute severe disease

Question 9

Paronychia is

Answer 9

inflammation of the nail fold near the cuticle

Question 10

Clubbing of nails is

Answer 10

nail base has an angle >180 indicating hypoxia or COPD

Question 11

Koilonychia is

Answer 11

spoon nail appearance indicating iron deficiency anemia

Question 12

During tactile fremitus you noticed an increase in vibration indicating

Answer 12

fluid is in the lungs possible pneumonia

Question 13

Tactile fremitus is decreased in patients with what conditions

Answer 13

emphysema, pneumothorax, atelectasis and pleurisy

Question 14

During percussion of the lungs you notice hyper resonant indicating

Answer 14

increased air in chest suggesting emphysema, pneumothorax

Question 15

During percussion of the lungs you notice dull sounds indicating

Answer 15

increased density, aka possible pneumonia, atelectasis

Question 16

Rales are

Answer 16

small clicking/bubblying/rattling sounds seen in patients with bronchitis

Question 17

Rhonchi are

Answer 17

sounds resembling snoring, they occur when the air is blocked or becomes rough through large airways
Bronchiectasis(widening of bronchi)

Question 18

Wheezes are

Answer 18

high pitched sounds produced by narrow airways on EXHALATION, seen in asthmatics and patients with emphysema

Question 19

Stridor is

Answer 19

wheeze like sound heard upon INSPIRATION, usually due to airflow blockage

Question 20

Look at IRENE GOLD PG.9 Chart to study breath sounds

Answer 20

THANK YOU!

Question 21

Lobar pneumonia presents with

Answer 21

rusty brown sputum, cough for around 10 days and fever

SILHOUETTE sign

Question 22

Percussion is _______ and tactile fremitus is _______ with lobar Pneumonia

Answer 22

Percussion=dull Rales heard

Fremitus=increased

Question 23

Friedlander’s pneumonia is

Answer 23

Red currant jelly sputum and caused by Klebsiella. Old people and immunocompromised patients MC

Question 24

Pneumocystis Carinii is

Answer 24

caused by yeast or fungus MC in AIDS patients

Question 25

Cytomegalovirus is seen MC with

Answer 25

AIDS patients

Question 26

Symptoms of TB

Answer 26

low grade fever, night sweats and a yellow/green sputum cough

Question 27

What is most definitive test for diagnosing TB

Answer 27

SPUTUM CULTURE

Question 28

Ghon lesions are

Answer 28

Small white lesions seen on X-ray caused by TB

Question 29

Pleurisy presents as

Answer 29

stabbing chest pain with non productive cough

Question 30

Pleurisy sounds are

Answer 30

decreased respiratory excursion, decreased tactile fremitus, dull on percussion FRICTION RUB

Question 31

Pneumothorax presents

Answer 31

decreased chest expansion, decreased tactile fremitus, HYPERRESONANT on percussion, decreased breath sounds AIR becomes trapped due to ruptured lung

Question 32

Atelectasis presents with

Answer 32

decreased tactile fremitus, dull on percussion, decreased chest expansion, decreased breath sounds

Question 33

what is Bronchiectasis

Answer 33

irreversible focal bronchial dilation that presents with a chronic, productive cough

Question 34

COPD presents with

Answer 34

barrel chested, long term cough with mucus, shortness of breath and wheezing

Question 35

Asthma is what type of hypersensitivy

Answer 35

TYPE 1

Question 36

Asthma presents as

Answer 36

tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased tactile fremitus and wheezing

Question 37

Emphysema patients present with

Answer 37

decreased tactile fremitus, HYPERresonanat on percussion, decreased breath sounds, wheezing

Question 38

Bronchogenic Carcinoma presents

Answer 38

non productive cough for 30+ days, dyspnea, weight loss, afebrile Primary malignant lung tumor

Question 39

What is Sarcoidosis

Answer 39

abnormal collection of inflammatory cells that form nodules called granulomas MC with African americans

Question 40

Hodgkin's presents with

Answer 40

night sweats, weight loss, intense pruritus, enlarged spleen. MC in young white males

Question 41

best way to diagnose Hodgkin's?

Answer 41

BIOPSY

Question 42

A blue bloater is

Answer 42

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 43

A Pink puffer is

Answer 43

emphysema