Heart

Question 1

Look at page 12 bottom half of Irene Gold

Answer 1

Thank you!

Question 2

Pulsus Magnus is

Answer 2

“bounding” increased cardiac output, exercise, anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Pulsus Parvus is

Answer 3

weak or thready, decreased stroke volume, hypovolemia, aortic stenosis, CHF

Question 4

Pulsus Alternans is

Answer 4

alternates in amplitude; left ventricular failure

Question 5

Pulsus Bisferiens is

Answer 5

two strong systolic peaks separated by mid systolic dip, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis

Question 6

Pulsus Paradoxus is

Answer 6

decreased amplitude on inspiration, increased with EXPIRATION (>10mmHg amplitude change); COPD, bronchial asthma, emphysema, pericardial effusion

Question 7

Water Hammer Pulse is

Answer 7

jerky pulse that is rapidly increasing and then collapsing because of aortic insufficiency

Question 8

Thrills are

Answer 8

vibration produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart (murmurs)

Question 9

Stenosis is

Answer 9

valve has troubling opening and the blood travels through narrow opening. LOW PITCH use the BELL of the stethoscope

Question 10

Regurgitation is

Answer 10

valve is insufficient and blood seeps back into chamber.

HIGH pitch use the DIAPHRAGM of the stethoscope

Question 11

Patent Ductus Arteriosus is

Answer 11

failure of shunt to close between aorta and left pulmonary artery. creates murmur than can be heard during BOTH phases of heart cycle

Question 12

Tetralogy of Fallot is what three things

Answer 12

1. Right ventricular hypertrophy
2. Interventricular septal defect
3. Pulmonic stenosis

Question 13

What does Tetralogy of Fallot result in

Answer 13

creates a loud ejection murmur during systole and SEVERE cyanosis

Question 14

Coarctation of the aorta is

Answer 14

constriction of the descending aorta which causes higher blood pressure in the upper extremity by 20mmHg when compared to lower extremity

Question 15

Subclavian steal syndrome is

Answer 15

Proximal stenosis of the subclavian artery, MC in younger females who faint while exercising

Question 16

What is MC cause of LHF

Answer 16

hypertension

second mc cause is aortic stenosis

Question 17

what are the early signs of LHF

Answer 17

pulmonary edema, shortness of breath and orthopnea. Fluid first collects at the costophrenic angles

Question 18

What is MC cause of RHF

Answer 18

LHF

Question 19

What is the MC cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 19

Rhemuatic Fever (ASO-Titer)

Question 20

What is Cor Pulmonale

Answer 20

when the right side of the heart fails by itself due to a lung condition

Question 21

What is Angina Pectoris

Answer 21

coronary vasospasm, comes on with exertion

Question 22

What is Printzmetal angina

Answer 22

Coronary vasospasm comes on with rest (atypical)

Relieved by vasodilators under tongue, usually nitroglycerin

Question 23

What are the markers with a Myocardial Infarction

Answer 23

CK-MB elevated, increased LDH, increased SGOT

Question 24

Study bottom of page 14 for

Answer 24

5 mins please

Question 25

if there is an increased PR interval it indicates

Answer 25

prolonged AV nodal delay aka (Primary Heart Block)

Question 26

Weinkbochs block is

Answer 26

two P waves before QRS aka (Secondary Heart Block)

Question 27

What does it mean when the ST segment is enlarged or inverted

Answer 27

MI, (acute heart failure)

Question 28

What is a echocardiogram used for

Answer 28

to evaluate the heart valves

Question 29

Look at age 13 for ARMS and PRTS for heart murmurs

Answer 29

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