Adrenals, KUB, Sexual Health Flashcards
Cushing’s disease in caused by
hyperadrenalism, hypercortisolism
Indicators of possible cushing’s
Moon face, buffalo hump, hirsutism(excessive body hair), hypertension
Addison’s disease is a
decrease in aldosterone, Hypoadrenalism, HYPOcortisolism
Does ACTH increase or decrease in Addison’s
increased causing increased melanin deposition, hyperpigmented mouth and face
Possible signs of Addison’s
thin person, decreased blood pressure, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, hair loss
Pheochromocytoma is
tumor of the Adrenal Medulla
EXTREME hypertension
Nephrolithiasis is normally made up of
Calcium oxalates
Murphy’s test indicative of
kidney stones
Kidney stones result in what test results
increased BUN, uric acid, creatinine clearance
RBC casts are seen with what condition
Glomerulonephritis, with a small amount of protein
Waxy or fatty casts seen in urine indicate
Nephrotic syndrome, massive proteinuria
WBC casts in urine indicate
Pyelonephritis
Urethritis is MC caused by
E. Coli in females presents with nitrites in the urine
Signs and symptoms of cystitis
burning, painful, frequent urination with incontinence.
Suprapubic and low back pain present
Wilm’s tumor is
malignant tumor of the kidney, patient normally younger that 5, abdominal mass, hematuria
What is the aka for Wilm’s tumor
Nephroblastoma
MC type of hernia is
indirect inguinal hernia
Indirect hernia takes what path
down iguinal canal and exits at the external inguinal ring and into the scrotum. MC in kids and young adults
Direct inguinal hernia path is
does NOT pass through the inguinal canal but exits directly through the external inguinal ring instead
MC in patients over 40
Femoral hernia appears as
a bulge lateral and inferior to the external inguinal ring at the site of the femoral pulse
Endometriosis is
abnormal endometrial tissue found outside its normal location. MC found in ovaries
Endometriosis can present with what symptoms
abdominal pain, back pain, menorrhagia, painful intercourse, possible infertility
What is a uterine fibroid
benign uterine tumor of smooth muscle
Patient presentation of uterine fibroid
heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, painful intercourse. Uterus will have painless nodules that are irregular and firm
Signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
spotting, decreased blood pressure, decreased HCG
Symptoms of normal pregnancy
increase HCG, nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness
What is hydatiform mole
non viable embryo which develops in the placenta and presents with all signs of pregnancy
VERY HIGH HCG
Choriocarcinoma is
a malignancy of the placenta due to abnormal epithelium
Fibrocystic breast disease is
multiple round freely moveable masses that can be palpated. bilateral breast tenderness is made worse from caffeine intake, ovulation, or menses
What is a Fibroadenoma
MC benign breast tumor usually patient less than 30, non tender, singular lump, 75% unilateral
Orange peel appearance on breast indicates
breast cancer
When breast cancer spreads to bone is it blastic or lytic?
lytic
bag of warms is a descriptor of
Varicocele
Varicocele is
tortuous dilation of the spermatic veins, losing the bag of worms feeling when patient goes supine
Where is a spermatocele located
epididymis
what is a spermatocele
fluid filled mass in the epididymis, painless, moveable, pea sized lump located superior and posterior to testicle
Does a spermatocele transillumate?
YES because it is fluid filled
Signs and symptoms of hydrocele
swollen, painless, heavy and tight scrotum
How to determine hydrocele from a scrotal hernia?
if you can palpate above the mass it is a hydrocele NOT a scrotal hernia
Does a hydrocele transilluminate?
YES
Epididymitis is
a consequence normally of a STD, scrotum is enlarged and tender
Testicular cancer presents as
painless nodule on or in a testicle
DOES NOT TRANSILLUMINATE
Benign Prostactic Hyperplasia presents with
enlarged, nontender, firm, smooth prostate with loss of median sulcus
Prostatitis symptoms
boggy, soft, enlarged and tender prostate, increased urgency to urinate
Prostatic Carcinoma presents as
Posterior lobe is hard, nodular, painless and enlarged
MC metastases is to lumbar spine via batson’s plexus
